摘要
我国失地农民问题由来已久,我国在20世纪80年代中期、90年代初曾发生过两次"圈地热",失地农民问题那时就已经存在,但在政府计划安置下,征地单位按指标录用失地农民,失地农民就业同货币、住房、划地一样,成为失地补偿的形式。因此,失地农民的许多问题被掩盖,矛盾并未激化。至2000年以后第三次轰轰烈烈的"圈地浪潮"到来之时,城镇、工业区、开发区等正在以前所未有的速度急剧膨胀,越来越多的农村集体土地以种种合法的或非法的、公开的或隐蔽的形式变为城镇建设用地,失地农民数量剧增。同时,随着社会主义市场经济的建立和企业用工制度的改革,征地安置补偿费代替了招工指标,土地被征用后,劳动力不再由政府给予他们就业安置,而是按市场经济的办法来自寻出路。由城市化而引发的失地农民、农民工问题浮出水面,学者们已经将研究的重点转移到农民上来,对失地农民的生活、农村土地制度、城乡二元管理体制等进行深层次的思考。在不同的历史时期,对失地农民问题的研究呈现出不同的特点。国内学术界近期对失地农民问题的研究归纳为失地农民利益受损的原因、失地农民的补偿安置问题、失地农民的社会保障问题、失地农民市民化问题四个方面加以归纳和评述。总体而言,国内对失地农民问题的研究还存在着研究视野较窄、缺少比较和系统的研究、对国外相关研究成果的比较研究和举措的引进还较少。因此,对失地农民问题的研究应坚持以人为本、人和社会的全面发展、可持续发展的原则加以进行,才能有所创新和突破。
The problem of lost-land peasants in China has been existed for a long time.As early as the mid-1980s and the end of 1990s,there were two ＂enclosure fevers＂,which showed that lost-land peasants had existed at that time.But,under the placement of the government,the unit of land acquisition hired landless peasants by quota.And the employment of landless peasants,like money,domicile and allocation,became one of the compensational forms of lost-land.Therefore,many contradictions of lost-land were covered,saying nothing of being intensified.Up to 2000 and later,the third ＂enclosure fever＂ came on a spectacular scale,when the number of lost-land peasants increased dramatically.On the one hand,towns,industrial areas and development zones were rapidly expanding at an unprecedented rate;on the other hand,more and more rural collective land,in various forms of legal or illegal,open or hidden,were becoming urban construction land.At the same time,with the establishment of socialist market economy and the reform of enterprise employment system,the compensational money of land acquisition was replaced employment quota.After the land acquisition,the peasants were no longer arranged for employment by the government.Instead,they found solution themselves by way of market economy.The problems of lost-land peasants and migrant laborers emerged from the surface of water.From that time on,scholars have focused research on these peasants,and had a deep consideration of their lives,rural land system and dual management system.And,in different periods of history,the research shows different characteristics.This essay,for China＇ s lost-land peasants,and by way of their interest damage,compensation and resettlement,social security,and citizen identity,has a retrospect,sorting and comment.On the whole,for China＇ s research for lost-land peasants,there are still such shortcomings as narrow view,lack of comparison,being nonsystematic and less reference for related foreign research.The author believes that only by way of people-oriented and the overall,sustainable development of human and society,can the research for lost-land peasants get innovation and breakthrough.
出处
《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第5期27-35,共9页
Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
上海市教育委员会创新项目(08ys194)
作者简介
章友德（1964-），男，江苏东台人。上海政法学院社会学与社会工作系教授、博士，主要从事城市社会发展研究。
