摘要
目的了解上海市闸北区5~15岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患病率特征及其影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查表和注意缺陷及多动症状调查表对上海市闸北区5~15岁儿童进行整群-分层抽样调查。共回收有效问卷9 900份,以美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版ADHD的诊断标准对可疑患儿及其家长进行诊断性访谈,将ADHD患者分为注意缺陷为主型（ADHD-I）、多动-冲动为主型（ADHD-HI）和混合型（ADHD-C）,并分析ADHD的影响因素。结果 ADHD患病率为4.6%,其中ADHD-I型为2.4%,ADHD-HI型为0.4%,ADHD-C型为1.8%。男童患病率为6.6%,女童患病率为2.7%,男女患病率之比为2.41∶1。各年龄组ADHD各型的患病率存在差异,7~10岁组患病率最高（6.3%）。外地户籍儿童的患病率高于本市户籍儿童患病率。父母间的不同文化程度和人均月收入水平比较,其儿童的ADHD患病率差异有统计学意义。儿童月龄、性别及母亲低文化程度（初中及以下）是ADHD患病的影响因素。结论 ADHD-I型发病率高,7~10岁组患病率最高,儿童月龄、性别及母亲低文化程度影响ADHD患病率。
Objective：To understand prevalence and influential factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） in children aged 5~15 years old in Zhabei District in Shanghai.Methods： A cluster-stratified sampling was conducted in children aged 5~15 years old in Zhabei District in Shanghai,using general information questionnaire and ADHD symptoms rating questionnaire.A total of 9 900 valid questionnaires were collected.Diagnostic interviews were conducted in suspected ADHD children and their parents,using DSM-Ⅳ criteria of ADHD.Patients were classified as ADHD predominantly inattentive（ADHD-I）,Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive（ADHD-HI） and combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive（ADHD-C） subtypes.Influential factors of ADHD were analyzed.Results：Overall,prevalence of ADHD in children aged 5~15 years old was 4.6%.Prevalences were 2.4%,0.4% and 1.8% in ADHD-I,ADHD-HI and ADHD-C subtypes,respectively.Prevalences were 6.6% and 2.7% in boys and in girls,respectively.The boy to girl ratio was 2.41∶1.There were significant differences in prevalence among various age groups and subtypes.Prevalence was the highest（6.3%）in children aged 7~10 years old;prevalence was higher inchildren with non-Shanghai householdship than in children with Shanghai local householdship.There were significant differences in prevalence among parents with different educational levels and monthly income levels.Age in month,sex and low educational level（below middle school） of mother were influential factors of prevalence of ADHD.Conclusion：Prevalence of ADHD-HI subtype was higher than those of other two subtypes.Prevalence was the highest in children aged 7~10 years olds.Age in month,sex and low educational level（below middle school） of mother were influential factors of prevalence of ADHD.
出处
《上海精神医学》
2010年第4期211-216,共6页
Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry
基金
英国Dundee大学研究基金"Increasing awareness of ADHD in China"(2008.09-2013.08)
上海市申康医院发展中心:注意缺陷多动障碍综合干预技术的推广应用
SHDC12010225
关键词
儿童
注意缺陷多动障碍
患病率
Children Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Prevalence
作者简介
通信作者：杜亚松，电子信箱yasongdu@yahoo．com．cn
