摘要
概述了与能源利用相关的CO2捕集、分离、转化和利用,认为二氧化碳的捕集和分离技术是实现能源系统中二氧化碳减排的关键。美国能源部的研究表明,目前利用醇胺溶液吸收二氧化碳的商业化技术能耗很高,占分离二氧化碳费用的三分之二。本文介绍一种新的设计理念"分子筐(MBS)",即采用固体吸附剂作为捕集和分离二氧化碳的新途径。"分子筐"二氧化碳吸附剂是一种纳米多孔吸附剂,具有从混合气体中高选择性、高效吸收二氧化碳的能力。例如,由有机高分子复合材料和介孔分子筛如MCM-41和SBA-15组成的纳米多孔材料就是一种"分子筐"二氧化碳吸附剂。MBS吸附剂可以实现常压、20～100℃条件下、烟道气和其他气体中二氧化碳的高选择性、高效脱除。MCM-41和SBA-15分子筛孔道中加入PEI后其二氧化碳吸附能力和分离选择性大幅提高,用这种方法得到的吸附剂对二氧化碳来说像一个"分子筐"。模拟烟道气组成条件下,测定湿度对二氧化碳吸附分离性能的影响,发现MCM-41-PEI吸附剂对湿烟道气中二氧化碳的吸附能力强于干烟道气。二氧化碳的捕集过程简易,吸附剂的再生只需使用气体吹扫或75～100℃的真空即可实现。循环实验表明MBS-CO2吸附剂具有优异的再生性能及稳定性。使用MBS吸附剂,从烟道气中捕集二氧化碳可自由选择溶剂,使吸附系统更加高效、经济、环境友好。"分子筐"二氧化碳吸附剂的研究思路亦可用于混合气体中H2S的分离及CO2、H2S的同时分离。本文亦通过分析表征手段对"分子筐"二氧化碳新型吸附剂的工作原理进行了探讨,也对二氧化碳的利用及转化为液体燃料的途径进行了讨论。
This lecture will begin with an overview of energy-related capture,sequestration,conversion,and utilization of carbon dioxide（CO2） .Carbon capture and sequestration（CCS） is considered as one of the key options for mitigating the emissions of CO2 from energy systems.According to studies by US Department of Energy,CO2 capture by current commercial technology using aqueous solutions of liquid alkanolamines is energy intensive and contributes to as much as two thirds of the total cost for CO2 sequestration.In this lecture we will discuss a new design concept of ＂molecular basket sorbent（MBS）＂ as a novel approach to CO2 capture and separation using selective solid sorbent.CO2 ＂molecular basket＂ is nano-porous,CO2-selective high-capacity sorbent for adsorption separation of CO2 from various gas mixtures.We have explored a number of new MBS formulations.An example of the MBS-CO2 is a nano-porous composite of polyethyleneimine and a mesoporous moecular sieve such as MCM-41 and SBA-15.MBS type sorbents have been found to be effective for removing CO2 from flue gas and other gas streams with high capacity and selectivity at 20～100℃ under atmospheric pressure.The CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2 separation selectivity of MCM-41 or SBA-15 were greatly improved by loading PEI into its nano-sized pore channels（about 3 to 6 nm）,which made the resulting sorbent operating like a ＂molecular basket＂ for CO2（MBS-CO2）.The influence of moisture concentrations in the simulated flue gas on the CO2 adsorption separation performance was also examined.CO2 adsorption capacity of the MCM-41-PEI adsorbent for the simulated moist flue gas was higher than that for the simulated dry flue gas.The captured CO2 can be easily and completely recovered by using a purge gas or a vacuum system at 75～100℃.The multi-cycle experiments have shown that the MBS-CO2 sorbents have very good regenerability and stability.With the MBS,CO2 capture from flue gas can be conducted in a solvent-free and compact solid sorbent system more energy efficiently,economically and environmentally friendly.The MBS-CO2 concept has also been found applicable for separation of hydrogen sulfide H2S in gas mixtures and for separation of CO2 and H2S in gas mixtures.Results of analytical characterization of MBS will also be discussed to shed light on why and how these novel sorbents work under realistic conditions.We will also discuss approaches to CO2 utilization,particularly CO2 conversion to liquid fuels.
出处
《太原理工大学学报》
CAS
北大核心
2010年第5期570-571,共2页
Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology
关键词
分子筐
CO2捕集
固体吸附剂
湿度
molecular basket sorbent（MBS）
CO2 capture
solid sorbent
moisture
作者简介
作者简介：宋春山，美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学能源研究所所长，能源与矿物工程系燃料学科教授以及化学工程系教授，并兼任宾州州立大学能源与环境研究院副院长以及能源研究所清洁燃料与催化研究室主任。在能源化工、清洁燃料与烃类催化转化化学化工领域做出了世界公认的多项开创性研究成果，包括液体燃料的新型吸附脱硫剂和深度脱硫制取超洁净燃料新工艺的开发，利用无机介孔材料和有机高分子复合研制的新型纳米多孔分子筐二氧化碳吸附剂等，主持和负责完成60余项美国政府和工业界资助的研究项目，在国际学术期刊发表论文180篇，取得发明专利22项，合作编著出版6部英文专著和11部国际期刊专辑，（E-mail）csong@psu．edu
