摘要
目的了解我国血吸虫病流行地区农村卫生厕所的管理状况。方法于2007年6月—2008年6月,在湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川各随机抽取2个血吸虫病流行县,每县分别选取3个流行村,每村随机抽取30个卫生厕所进行现场调查,调查内容包括厕屋卫生感官状况等。结果调查血吸虫病流行地区农村家庭卫生厕所840个,三格化粪池式卫生厕所553个,占65.8%;三联式沼气池卫生厕所287个,占34.2%;厕屋卫生感观状况较好的占58.1%,中等的占37.7%,差的占4.2%;厕屋内无蛆、蛹、蝇的占81.5%;出粪口(出料口)内为均匀粪液的占97.0%。99.6%(274/275)三联式沼气池卫生厕所发酵池密封贮存期超过30d,0.5～1年进行清掏的占62.7%(173/276);95.2%(317/333)的三格化粪池式卫生厕所0.5～1年进行清掏。出粪液粪大肠菌值合格率为95.5%(745/780),蛔虫卵沉降率合格比例为61.2%(229/374)。使用粪液(沼液)用做农肥占87.9%(736/837),直接排入厕所附近水体和土壤的占4.6%(39/837),将粪渣(沼渣)直接用作农肥的占90.9%(761/837),进行高温堆肥处理的占6.9%(58/837)。结论中国血吸虫病流行地区农村卫生厕所的厕屋卫生和设施管理基本符合农村户厕卫生标准的要求,但粪便管理存在巨大的公共卫生安全隐患。
Objective To understand the management status of rural sanitary latrine in schistosomiasis epidemic areas of China. Methods Two counties in a province were sampled randomly from total 7 provinces with schistosomiasis prevalence, including Hu＇ nan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan, then three villages with schistosomiasis prevalence were selected from each target county as research sites, thirty sanitary latrines in a village were randomly selected for the investigation. Results 58.1% of the 840 sanitary latrines were in better esthetic environment while 37.7% of which were in moderate status and 4.2% were in bed condition. The sanitary latrine without maggot,pupa and fly accounted for 81.5% ;97.0% of the excrement samples at discharge holes were uniform. 99.6% of sanitary latrines with trilogy biomass pool exceed more than 30 days for fermentation tank sealed and stored and 62.7% （173/276） of the sanitary latrines cleaned out excrement within half or one year. Among 333 sanitary latrines with three-grid septic,95.2%（317/333 ） cleaned out excrement within half or one year. The qualified rate of value of night and sedimentation rate of roundworm ovum were 95.5% （745/780） and 61.2%（229/374 ）. 90.9%（761/837 ） of the total 837 households with sanitary latrine used liquid manure as fertilizer,while 4.6% of which discharge liquid manure into neighboring soil and water body; 87.9% （736/837） of the households without sanitary latrine used night soil sludge as fertilizer directly, and only 6.9%（58/837） of the households conducted high temperature compost process. Conclusion In the investigated areas, the management of rural sanitary latrine basically meets the requirements of rural sanitation criterion, however, the potential risk for people health still exists in the excrement management.
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期332-334,共3页
Journal of Environment and Health
关键词
血吸虫病
农村
卫生厕所
Schistosomiasis
Rural areas
Sanitary latrines
作者简介
魏海春（1963-），男，主任医师，主要从事公共卫生研究工作。
