摘要
目的探讨CT检出甲状腺内钙化灶对良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法搜集手术切除并经病理证实的甲状腺占位性病变318例,均有完整的CT及临床资料。CT平扫后行双期增强扫描,延迟时间为35、50S。甲状腺钙化灶直径≤2mm者定义为细颗粒钙化;钙化灶直径〉2mm者或呈壳状、大片不规则者定义为粗颗粒钙化;两种钙化兼有者归于混合性钙化。钙化数目为1个的定义为单发;钙化数目〉1个的定义为多发。根据钙化在病灶内的分布分为内部钙化和边缘钙化。采用χ2检验对良、恶性病变中钙化的多少、大小及分布进行统计学分析。结果318例甲状腺占位性病变中甲状腺癌48例(乳头状癌26例,滤泡状癌7例,髓样癌3例,隐灶癌12例)。甲状腺良性病变270例(包括结节性甲状腺肿36例,甲状腺腺瘤170例,结节性甲状腺肿伴腺瘤38例,腺瘤合并桥本甲状腺炎26例)。共60例(18.9%)病灶发现钙化,包括甲状腺癌21例(43.8%),其中乳头状癌12例,隐灶癌6例,滤泡细胞癌2例,髓样癌1例;甲状腺良性病变39例(14.4%),其中甲状腺肿6例,腺瘤13例,甲状腺肿伴腺瘤19例,桥本甲状腺炎伴腺瘤1例,良性病变与恶性病变的钙化率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);以甲状腺病灶钙化为标准诊断甲状腺癌的敏感度为43.8%(21/48),特异度为85.6%(231/270)。细颗粒钙化37例,其中甲状腺癌8例,甲状腺良性病变29例;粗颗粒钙化23例,其中甲状腺癌13例,甲状腺良性病变10例,两者差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);以粗颗粒钙化为标准诊断甲状腺癌的敏感度为61.9%(13/21),特异度为74.4%(29/39)。单发钙化的病灶31例,其中甲状腺癌13例,甲状腺良性病变18例;多发钙化的病灶29例,其中甲状腺癌8例,甲状腺良性病变21例,两者差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。恶性病变中钙化位于病灶内部的15例(71.4%),位于病灶边缘的6例;良性病变中钙化位于病灶内部的有12例(30.8%),位于病灶边缘的27例,两者差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);以钙化位于病灶内部作为标准诊断甲状腺癌的敏感度为71.4%(15/21),特异度为69.2%(27/39)。结论CT检查在甲状腺病灶中发现钙化且钙化位于病灶内部,和(或)为粗颗粒钙化时,考虑甲状腺癌的可能性大,应进一步行穿刺活检或手术切除。
Objective To study the diagnostic value of calcification in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Methods CT images of 318 consecutive patients with pathologically proven thyroid lesions were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. The following characteristics of calcification on CT images were evaluated : ( 1 ) size ( ≤ 2 mm indicating mierocaleifieation and 〉 2 mm or shelly and irregular shape indicating macrocaleifieation, and both features indicating mixed calcification ), ( 2 ) number (single or multiple) and (3)location (internal or edge). χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 318 eases, 48 were diagnosed as malignant (papillary carcinoma 26, follicular carcinoma 7, medullary carcinoma 3 and 12 ) and 270 were benign ( nodular goiter 36, adenoma 170, nodular goiter with adenoma 38 and adenoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis 26). Calcification was found in 60 cases ( 18.9% ). Among them 21 ( papillary carcinoma 12, microcareinoma 6, follicular carcinoma 2 and medullary carcinoma 1 ) were malignant (43.8%) and 39 (nodular goiter 6, adcnoma 13, nodular goiter with adenoma 19 and adenoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1 ) were benign( 14.4% ) (P 〈 0. 01 ). Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were 43.8% ( 21/48 ) and 85.6% ( 231/270 ), respectively.
Microcalcification was found in 37 cases (malignant 8, benign 29 ) and macrocalcification was found in 23 cases(malignant 13, benign 10) (P 〈 0.01 ). Sensitivity and specificity of macrocalcification for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were 61.9% ( 13/21 ) and 74.4% ( 29/39 ), respectively. Single calcification was found in 31 cases( malignant 13, benign 18) and multiple calcification was found in 29 cases( malignant 8, benign 21 ) ( P 〉 0. 05 ). Internal calcification was found in 15 cases of malignant lesions (71.4% ) and 12 of benign lesions(30. 8% ) ; Edge calcification was found in 6 cases of malignant and 27 of benign, ( P 〈 0. 01 ). Sensitivity and specificity of internal calcification for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were 71.4% ( 15/21 ) and 69.2% (27/39), respectively. Conclusion Internal calcification or(and) macrocalcification of the thyroid lesions may strongly suspect thyroid carcinoma and fine-needle aspiration or surgery should be further performed.
出处
《中华放射学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第2期147-151,共5页
Chinese Journal of Radiology
基金
上海市医学重点专科建设及科研基金资助项目(05Ⅱ025)