摘要
环境基准是一个非常棘手且具有挑战性的科学难题,环境标准制定与修订是一项长期的、艰巨的任务。根据国际上该方向近年来的发展,对环境基准和环境标准的概念与内涵进行了论述,对过去的认识进行了纠正,指出:环境基准不等于环境质量基准,环境基准应该包括环境质量基准和污染环境修复基准2个方面;相应地,环境标准则应包括环境质量标准和污染环境修复标准2个部分。在此基础上,概述了国际和国内有关环境质量基准研究方面取得的显著成绩,列举了法国(作为西欧的代表)、加拿大(作为美洲的代表)和意大利(作为中欧的代表)在环境质量标准制定过程中的先进做法,介绍了美国、英国和俄罗斯等国家在污染环境修复基准研究与污染环境修复标准制定等方面的进展。最后,对我国今后环境基准的研究进行了展望。
To derive and develop environmental criteria/benchmarks is a challenging and intractable scientific conundrum. The enactment and revision of environmental standards is a long-term and arduous task. In this review, the conception and connotation of environmental criteria/benchmarks and standards were firstly expounded, and the old cognition in the past was rectified according to their recent international developments in this direction. It emphasizes that the environmental criterion/benchmark is not equal to the environmental quality criterion/benchmark, and environmental criteria/ benchmarks should be comprised of environmental quality criteria/benchmarks and remediation/cleanup eriteriafbencbmarks for contaminated environment ; correspondingly, environmental standards should include both environmental quality standards and remediation/cleanup standards for contaminated environment. On the basis of the new cognition, prominent accomplishments acquired in the field of environmental quality criteria/benchmarks at home and abroad have been summarized, some advanced modus operandies for environmental quality standards in France （ as a representative of west European countries）, Canada （ as a representative of American countries） and Italy （ as a representative of midland European countries） were enumerated, and relevant progresses in research on remediation/cleanup criteria/benchnmarks for contaminated environment and enactment of remediation/cleanup standards for contaminated environment are introduced. Future research on environmental criteria/benchmarks has been prospected.
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期1-8,共8页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
国家环保公益性项目(200909041)
关键词
环境基准
环境质量基准
污染环境修复基准
环境标准
生态毒理效应
environmental criterion/benchmark
environmental quality criterion/benchmark
remediation/cleanup criterion/benchmark for contaminated environment
environmental standard
eeotoxicological effect
作者简介
周启星（1963-），男，浙江杭州人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境生态学、生态毒理与环境基准、污染生态修复等方面的研究。E—mail：zhouqx523@yahoo．com
