摘要
通过对2003.3-2007.4西安市南郊长安区四府村麦地0-6 m土壤含水量的测定,分析了长安区四府村麦地土壤水分变化特点及与降水量之间的关系,同时对土壤水资源量对冬小麦生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明:西安市长安区大贫水年翌年春季冬小麦地0-6m土壤水分主要为中效水,土壤供水明显不足,平水年及丰水年翌年春季主要为极易效水和渗透重力水,水分供应充足。大贫水年的翌年春季冬小麦生长期内土壤水分不能正常下渗补给地下水,形成大气-土壤水分循环模式;平水年及丰水年的翌年春季冬小麦地入渗降水能正常补给地下水,形成大气-土壤-地下水循环模式。平水年和丰水年的翌年春季冬小麦地0-1m根系层水资源量变化主要受地表蒸发和作物耗水的影响,1-2m、2-4m层位水资源量变化主要受前一年降水量的影响,4-6 m层位水资源量主要与前一年土壤原有水资源量有关。经历连续两个贫水年之后的2003年春季冬小麦生长受到水分的严重限制,若要达到正常产量,春季需灌溉水量约300 mm。长安区近13年来干旱年和丰水年交替变化,总体来说降水对地下水的补给状况基本正常,通过采取有效的集水保墒措施,干旱年冬小麦也会获得较高产量。
By determining the soil moisture of 0 - 6m in winter wheat field in March or April from 2003 to 2007 in Chang＇an Sifu, Xi＇an city, the characteristic of soil moisture, the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation, and the effect soil water storage on the growth of winter wheat were analyzed. The results indicated that in Chang＇an the soil moisture of 0 - 6m in winter wheat field is mainly medium - validity in spring after extremely drought year and soil water suppling is deficient obviously. The soil moisture is extreme - validity in spring after ordinary and abundant precipitation year, and soil water suppling is enough. The soil moisture cant replenish the underground water during the winter wheat＇s growth in spring after extremely - drought year, and the atmosphere - soil circulation forms. The soil moisture can replenish the underground water in spring after ordinary and abundant precipitation year, and the atmosphere - soil - underground water circulation forms. The soil water storage changes of 0 - 1 m in winter wheat field in spring after ordinary - precipitation year and moist year are mainly influenced by evaporation and transpiration, and that ol 1 -2 m and 2 -4 m are mainly influenced by the precipitation last year, and 4 - 6 m are by soil water storage last year. In 2003, after two sequential drought years, the growth of winter wheat was limited seriously by soil moisture, and if the ordinary output was obtained, 300mm of irrigation quantity were needed. The drought year and moist year appeared by turns in recent 13 years in Chang＇an, in general the condition of precipitation replenishing the underground water was normal, and the better output of winter wheat would be gained in drought year if the valid measures of cumulating and preserving the soil moisture was taken.
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期137-142,共6页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40672108)
中国科学院黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG0705)资助
关键词
长安少陵塬
冬小麦地
土壤水分
土壤水资源
Shaolingyuan of Chang＇an
winter wheat field
soil moisture
soil water resource
作者简介
作者简介：王长燕（1979～），女，汉族，博士研究生，自然地理学专业。E-mail：wcyxa@stu．snnu．edu．cn
通讯作者：赵景波，教授，博士生导师。E-mail：zhaojb@snnu．edu．cn
