摘要
系统采集秦岭安河铅锌尾矿复垦区尾砂、覆土、蔬菜、作物和中药材等样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了样品中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的质量比,并依据国家标准对其进行了评价。旨在调查当地铅锌尾矿复垦作物的重金属污染现状,探讨蔬菜、作物和中药材等重金属污染与覆土、尾砂的关系,提出防控铅锌尾矿复垦作物重金属污染的技术对策。结果表明:1)尾矿复垦与污灌作物中的重金属普遍超标,不能食用,其中污灌地菠菜叶Pb超标1 910倍,葱叶Cd超标1 750倍,复垦地玉米籽粒Pb超标35倍,黄豆籽粒Cd超标189倍;2)尾矿复垦作物中的重金属质量比与尾砂、覆土的重金属质量比具有高度的正相关关系,其污染与铅锌选矿活动有关;3)尾矿复垦地上的小麦、黄豆和玉米籽粒中重金属质量比趋势是:小麦最高,黄豆次之,玉米最低,重金属质量比与作物生长期呈正相关;4)不同植物组织部位中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd等重金属质量比趋势均表现为:根最高,茎叶次之,籽实最低。
The paper intends to introduce its author＇s investigation and analysis of the current situation of heavy metal pollution in the tailing reclamation area near Anhe River in the deep Qinling Mountains. Based on a systematic sampling of tail-mining reclaimed soil, we have done systematic tests and inspections of the vegetables and crops in the area and carefully checked the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd in the samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Then the analysis results were put repeatedly assessed in correspondence with national pollution-controlling standards with the purpose to determine the pollution level caused by the heavy metals in vegetables and crops produced in the tailing sand and reclaimed farming soils in addition to probing countermeasures for reducing such pollutions. The results of our experiments indicate that, （ 1 ） The reclamation crops and vegetables are totally inedible for its high heavy metal contents. For example, the Pb and Cd content in the spinach vegetable leaves and onion leaves in wastewater irrigation area are 1 910 times and 1 750 times over the national pollution-prevention standards, respectively, whereas the Pb and Cd content in the grain corn are 35 times and 189 times over the national pollution-prevention standards; （2） There exists a significant positive correlation between the heavy metal content and the reclamation vegetables as well as crops with the mine tailing and reclaimed soil. The pollution proves associated with the existence of lead and zinc in the plants at a certain concentration; （3） In the tailing reclamation area, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd in wheat were found higher than in soybean and corn. On the contrary, it has also proved that there exists positive correlation between the heavy metal and the growth period of crops; （4） In the tissue of different plants, the degree of the polluted contents of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd in the root were found higher than in the stem and seed.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期91-93,共3页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
陕西省自然科学基金项目(SJ08-ZT08-3)
关键词
环境学
安河
铅锌尾矿库
复垦作物
重金属污染
envirenmentalology
Anhe River
lead-zinc tailing
reclamation crops
heavy metal pollution
作者简介
薛喜成，副教授，博士，从事矿山环境地质研究，xuexc331@163.com。
