摘要
以数字流域平台为依托,提出了一整套分布式实时洪水预报方案构建的方法.以自然流域为单位划分单元面积,通过流域解构,将流域离散成产汇流分区的集合,解决了流域下垫面的空间变异性和模型参数的空间分布;通过流域全程解析,将产汇流分区解析为水文模拟分区,完成了流域离散与水文模型的耦合;通过流域离散单元的拓扑重构,建立了水文模拟分区间的水力联系,构建了实时洪水预报方案的体系结构.将提出的方法应用于长江上游流域、珠江流域和闽江流域等多个流域的洪水实时预报方案编制中,结果表明,该方法能较好地体现出分布式流域水文模型在实时洪水预报中的实际应用,研制的软件系统实用性和通用性强,较好地满足了实际防洪决策会商的技术要求.
Based on the platform of the digital river basin, an integrated construction pattern of the distributed real-time flood forecast scheme was put forward. The area of an element was divided by means of natural river basin, and by use of the basin deconstruction strategy, the river basin was discretized to be the aggregation of runoff generating and concentrating subareas so that the spatial variation of the geo-characteristics of the basin and the spatial distribution of the model parameters were solved. Using the basin deconstructiou technique, the runoff generating and concentrating subareas were resolved to be hydrological modeling subareas, and the coupling of basin discretization and hydrological models was completed. On the basis of the topological reconstruction among the basin elements, the hydraulic connection among the runoff generating and concentrating subareas was yielded and the framework of the real-time flood forecast scheme was established. Compilation and practice of the real-time flood forecasting schemes in the upper reaches of Changjiang River basin, Zhujiang River basin and Minjiang River basin indicate that the present construction method exhibits satisfactory application of the distributed hydrological model in the real-time flood forecast. The corresponding software system is of good applicability and practicability and satisfies the requirements of decision-making for flood control.
出处
《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第5期516-522,共7页
Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金(50879017)
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2008BAB29B08-02)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20060294002)
关键词
分布式流域水文模型
实时洪水预报
流域空间离散
参数空间分布
distributed hydrological model for basins
real-time flood forecast
spatial division of basin
spatial distribution of model parameters
作者简介
夏达忠（1978-），男，浙江余姚人，助理研究员，主要从事水文水资源研究．
