摘要
对地下水动态的研究是地下水资源评价和合理开发利用的基础。本文通过在黄河三角洲代表性区域黄河农场地区的典型地貌单元上安装的自计水位计,获得自2004年5月到2005年5月30分钟一次的浅层地下水水位和水温动态资料,和其中一个观测孔地下水电导率动态。结合同时期日降水量资料,阐明一个完整水文年内浅层地下水对降水入渗补给的响应过程和特点,讨论了浅层地下水动态形成的机理。主要结论有:①沉积物之间岩性的差别导致浅层地下水动态类型的差别。泛滥平原相沉积物中地下水的动态类型为渗入-蒸发型,而河流相沉积物中地下水的动态类型为渗入-径流-蒸发型。降水是引起浅层地下水水位上升的主要因素;②浅层地下水温度变化主要受大气温度年内周期变化的驱动,然而雨季日降水量大于10mm时地下水温度平均升高约0.3℃;③进入雨季后累积降水量超过300mm是地下水EC值对降水响应的阈值,雨季降水对浅层地下水有暂时的淡化作用。
Modern Yellow River Delta （MYRD） is one of the largest deltas in China. The economic prosperity increases the population in this area. However, fresh water resource is still in acute shortage. For one thing, the runoff of the Yellow River, which is the main source of fresh water, decreases year by year due to the increasingly large-scale irrigation in the upper reaches. For another, the shallow groundwater in this area mainly consists of brackish water and saline water that cannot be used directly. Lack of fresh water not only hinders economic performance but also threatens way of life. Therefore, the study on groundwater policy is of scientific value and practical significance. The water table is generally considered to be the upper boundary to saturated groundwater flow, so it plays an important role in many groundwater research projects. Groundwater policy reflects the change of quantity and quality of groundwater resource and is meaningful to sustainable development. Precipitation recharges the shallow groundwater directly and is regard as an important source of fresh water in MYRD. The research of groundwater response to rainfall can improve our understanding of groundwater policy mechanism, and is the precondition to evaluate and exploit groundwater resource rationally and to find ways to ease the freshwater crisis in MYRD. Based on data loggers installed in the boreholes in typical topography areas of MYRD, the depth of groundwater table and the temperature were read every thirty minutes with one of those loggers reading EC value at the same time from May 2004 to May 2005. The daily rainfall data were collected to study the process and features of shallow groundwater response to rainfall and to understand the mechanism of groundwater policy. We reached below conclusions： 1） the lothological differences between deposits resulted in distinctive types of groundwater policy. The infiltration- evaporation type can be defined by sediments on floodplains face and the infiltration-runoff-evaporation type can be observed in sediments on fluvial face. Precipitation was the main factor contributing to the rising of shallow groundwater level. 2） The temperature of shallow groundwater was mainly influenced by the air temperature; however, when daily rainfall was above 10 mm in rainy season, groundwater temperature could be increased by 0.3℃ averagely. 3） The EC values of shallow groundwater would begin to response to precipitation when cumulative rainfall was up to 300 mm. Precipitation could dilute shallow groundwater temporarily.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第9期1514-1521,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:40572171)
日本综合地球环境学研究所黄河研究资助项目
科技部国际合作项目(编号:2006DFA21890)
关键词
地下水动态
浅层地下水
入渗
现代黄河三角洲
Groundwater policy
Shallow groundwater
Infiltration
Modern Yellow River Delta
作者简介
袁瑞强，男，山西太原人，博士生，主要从事流域水循环与水环境研究。E-mail：yuanrq．08b@igsnrr．ac．cn通讯作者：宋献方，E-mail：songxf@igsnrr．ac．cn
