摘要
结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率在全球仍呈上升趋势。预测2007年新病例接近120万,死亡63万,分别比2000年增加27%和28%,平均年增加3.9%和4.0%。结直肠癌有明显的地域分布差异性,随时间推移,这种差异性又发生了变化。原来高发地区结直肠癌发病有3种趋向:继续逐渐上升,如英国;稳定无大变化,如新西兰;下降,如美国、西欧等。原来低发区近年结直肠癌发病率不断攀升,例如亚洲的日本、中国香港、新加坡,东欧的匈牙利、波兰、以色列,拉美国家如波多黎各,特别是日本发病率上升最快。中国也不例外,结直肠癌发病率年增加4.2%(以上海为例),比全球平均递增速度还高;1991年以来结直肠癌死亡率年均增加4.7%。女性发病比例增加和发病部位右移也是近年结直肠癌流行的趋势。结直肠癌是由环境、饮食以及生活方式与遗传因素协同作用的结果。通过防癌健康教育,使人们养成良好的生活习惯、合理安排饮食、积极参与筛查和去除癌前病变,能有效地预防结直肠癌的发生。
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer （CRC） show increasing tendancy worldwide. It was predicted that the new cases in 2007 would be approximate 1 200 000 and the death cases would be 630 000, a total increase of 27% and 28% and an annual increase of 3.9% and 4.0%, respectively, compared with the figures in 2000. In addition, the incidence of CRC varies regionally and changes over the time. In previously identified high-incidence areas, there are three tendencies： one is to keep rising such as in UK, one is to be stable such as in New Zealand, and the third one is to decrease such as in US and Western Europe. In previously identified lowincidence areas, the incidence of CRC is increasing, such as in Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Hungary, Poland, Israel, and Puerto-Rico, especially in Japan, where the incidence increases the fastest. Similarly, the incidence of CRC is increased by 4.2% annually in Shanghai, China, which is faster than the average increasing rate of the world. Since 1991, the average increase in mortality of CRC is 4.7% every year. The increasing number of female patients and the shift of the tumor location to the right side are also noticed for CRC in recent years. We summarized that CRC is a disease caused by synergism of environment and diet, life style and heredity. It was suggested that CRC can be prevented effectively through developing a regular life style, having proper diet, actively participating in the screening for cancers, and removing the pre-cancer lesions.
出处
《癌症》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第9期897-902,共6页
Chinese Journal of Cancer
作者简介
通讯作者：万德森 Tel：86-20-87343124 Email：wds@medmail．com．cn
