摘要
基于遥感融合影像和GIS技术,借助通用土壤流失方程计算土壤侵蚀量,采用情景分析法,评价黄土丘陵沟壑区清水沟流域实施不同水土保持和退耕还林(草)措施对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明:水土保持措施减少土壤侵蚀的效益显著,相对而言,生物措施减少土壤侵蚀的效益强于工程措施,不同退耕还林(草)方案对流域总体土壤侵蚀影响差异较大。组合情景对土壤侵蚀影响很大,部分组合情景的土壤侵蚀甚至可低于土壤侵蚀背景值。
Soil erosion is regarded as the major and most widespread kind of soil degradation and as such, affects significantly the sustainable agricultural land use. Serious soil erosion in the hillygully region of the Loess Plateau has resulted in a series of environmental problems and attracted worldwide attention. The contemporary sense of small watershed comprehensive treatment is to stress the point that controlling soil and water loss must combine with the sustained development of watershed economy, and must consider all kinds of factors fully, such as soil and water conservation projects construction, improvement of econvironmental quality and economic development, etc. There is an increasing demand for predicting annual soil loss from erosion and characterizing the spatial distribution of soil erosion to provide a scientific basis for soil conservation planning. Therefore, it is valuable to apply the scenario simulation into small watershed comprehensive harnessing planning. The Qingshuigou Watershed, located in Jingning County, Gansu Province, is one of the sub-river basins of the Huluhe River, which is a tributary of the Weihe River water system. Based on merged remote sensing image, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE）and other references,the soil erosion amount of Qingshuigou Watershed was calculated, and then scenario analysis was carried out to explore effects of different erosion control strategies and the ＂turning cultivated lands back into woodlands and grasslands＂ strategy on soil erosion. The results indicated that biological and engineering measures are quite significant in erosion control effect. Generally speaking, the effects of biological control measures are better than those of engineering control measures, whereas the difference of ＂ Grain for Green＂ strategy is remarkable. Background value of soil erosion at Qingshuigou Watershed was averaged 3652. 48 t · km^-2 · a^-1 Analysis on the scenarios of soil erosion indicates that combination of measures of soil and water conservation with strategies of turning cultivated lands back into woodlands and grasslands was a better choice to prevent and reduce soil erosion, and to improve and maintain the ecological security in this region, by which 48% of the total soil erosion can be controlled.
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期577-584,共8页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40671061)
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(0710RJZA104)
黄土高原水土保持世行贷款项目(050321)
西北师范大学科技创新工程项目(nwnu-kjcxgc-03-06)
作者简介
潘竞虎（1974-），男，甘肃嘉峪关人，讲师，在职博士生，主要研究环境遥感与GIS应用。nwnu@nWHH．edu．cn.
