摘要
目的对桔梗传粉的生物学特性进行了观察研究，确定桔梗的开花动态特征及其传粉方式，为桔梗规范化生产提供依据。方法采用挂牌标记定株观察开花习性和传粉昆虫访花行为，人工控制授粉测定花粉和柱头可受性。结果桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum（Jacq．）A．DC花期从6月底到8月下旬，单株花期约41d，单株花粉50～110朵，单花花期一般为2～3d，当遇到低温天气时，单花花期延长至3～4d。在田间条件下，桔梗花粉受精活力可保持2d，花后3d花粉已完全失去受精活性；开花当天至花后3d柱头可受性逐渐升高，之后开始下降，呈单峰曲线变化。花冠和花蜜对授粉昆虫具有较强的招引作用，而柱头和花粉的招引作用似乎不明显。结论这些规律的研究为桔梗规范化栽培和良种繁育提供了理论依据。
Objective In order to provide more reason foundation for building the GAP （ Good Agriculture Process） of Platyc- odon, we observed the flowering characteristics of dynamic state and its pollinating patterns. Methods In the flowering season, we observed the continuous time on the behaviour of the petals opening and the habit of the pollinators. The pollen viability and the stigma acceptability were measured by the artificial pollination. Results According to our observation, flowering of Platycodon took place from late June to late August. The flowering period of individual lasted on average 41 d, and there were 50 ~ 110 flowers in a single individual. Anthesis of a single flower lasted 2 -3 d, however, prolonged to 3 -4 d when it was a low temperature. Field experiments indicated that pollen vibability of Platycodon lasted to 2 d, it would absolutely lose fertilization ability three days after petals opening. Stigma acceptability gradually rise to last out 3 days after the petals opening, subsequently started to decline, the fluctuation of stigma acceptability was single peak curve. Many insects pollinated Platycodon. The effective and frequent pollina- tors were honeybee and scoliid, which visited the flowers mostly for nectar. Petal and nectar may be a advertisement in attracting pollinators, however, stigma and pollen were indistinctive in attracting pollinators. Conclusion These laws provide more reason foundation for breeding of high - quality seed and standardized cultivation of Platycodon.
出处
《时珍国医国药》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期339-341,共3页
Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research
基金
陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目[No.2008K16-02(01)]
陕西省教育厅专项科研项目(No.07JK237)
关键词
桔梗
开花生物学
结实率
传粉
Platycodon grandiflorum
Flowering
Fructification percentage
Pollination
作者简介
刘自刚（1975-），男（汉族），甘肃天水人，现任商洛学院生物医药工程系讲师，硕士学位，主要从事药用植物遗传育种研究工作．
