摘要
目的:了解当代大学新生人格特征和差异状况,为大学生心理健康教育提供科学依据.方法:采用卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF),对某综合院校3040名大一新生进行人格普查,将其结果与全国常模比较,并将不同性别、专业及成长背景的新生群体进行比较.结果:大学新生的16PF的标准分的总体均值都处于正常范围(3<Z<8),与全国常模相比较,A(乐群性),B(聪慧性),C(稳定性),E(恃强性),F(兴奋性),H(敢为性),M(幻想性),Q3(自律性)8个因素得分较高(P<0.01);G(有恒性),L(怀疑性),N(世故性),O(忧虑性),Q2(独立性),Q4(紧张性)6个因素得分较低(P<0.01);I(敏感性)和Q1(实验性)2个因素得分与常模无显著差异.心理健康、专业成就2个次级因素得分高于正常人群水平(P<0.01),创造能力和新环境成长能力2个因素得分偏低(P<0.01);不同性别、专业和成长背景的16PF的多个因素上存在显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:大学新生总体人格与心理健康状况良好,但不同性别、专业以及成长背景的学生群体人格特征存在显著差异.开展大学生心理健康教育时应注意因人而异,有所侧重.
AIM： To provide a scientific basis for university students＇ mental health education by investigating personality characteristics of freshmen and their differences in personality. METHODS： We conducted a survey among 3040 freshmen in a comprehensive university based on the 16PF, and compared the results with the national norm and among different groups in gen- der, major and growing backgrounds. RESULTS： The overall average standard scores of freshmen＇ 16PF were within normal range. Compared with national norm, the scores in A （ gregariousness）, B （intelligence）, C （stability）, E （ambition）, F （excitement）, H （adventurousness）, M （imagination）, and Q3 （self-restraint） factors were higher （ P 〈 0.01 ）, G （ perseverance）, L （suspicion）, N （sophistication）, 0 （anxiety）, Q2 （ independence ）, and Q4 （ nervousness ） scored lower （ P 〈 0.01 ）, the scores in mental health and professional achievement were higher and the create ability and growth capacity in new environment were lower （P 〈 0.01 ）. The student groups with different genders, majors and growing backgrounds had significant differences in many factors of freshmen＇ 16PF （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： The personalities and mental health conditions of the freshman are well. There are significant differences in personality among freshmen with different genders, majors and growing backgrounds. Therefore, attention should be paid to this point in university students＇ mental health education and different ways should be taken for different students.
出处
《第四军医大学学报》
北大核心
2008年第24期2296-2299,共4页
Journal of the Fourth Military Medical University
作者简介
喻永婷．硕士生（导师郑安云，张富昌）．Tel：（029）88300418 Email：springcf@163．com
通讯作者：郑安云．Tel：（029）88308536 Email：xlxzay@126．com
