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滇池流域居民-农田混合区面源污染控制集成技术(英文) 被引量:7

Integrated Technology to Control Non-point Pollution in Resident-farmland Areas of Dianchi Lake Watershed, China
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摘要 以滇池流域六甲乡金家村为研究对象,该区为城郊典型的居民-农田混合区,总面积 14 万 m2,其中居民区面积为7.7 万 m2,常驻人口 780 口,区内有一家约 120 头的养猪场,一个具有 9 家洗涤企业的金家村工业园区,居民区和养殖、工业废水直接排向就近的 90%种植韭菜的农田区。针对该区村庄—小企业—农田—养殖业呈复区分布,污染源复杂,雨污混流污染严重,污水管网建设滞后,化肥施用过量,沟渠湿地系统破碎等现状,研发出兼顾水质净化和农田排灌的居民-农田混合区面源污染控制集成技术,包括改良化粪池与组合基质床,生态支沟,生态干渠,A/O 生物处理系统,复合人工湿地等污水处理技术,以及农田内部的节氮控磷技术,如精确施肥,施用硝化抑制剂抑制氮向水体迁移,垄沟内浮萍的氮磷滞留与养分循环利用。通过 12 个月的连续监测表明:在非降雨日负荷为 500m3/d 的工况下,改良化粪池与组合基质床对 COD, TP, TN 的去除率分别为61.3%, 50.50%, 44.4%;A/O 生物处理系统对 COD,TP,TN 的去除率分别为 65.8%,55.2%, 55.2%;生态支沟由于进水量小浓度高,水力停留时间长,其对 COD, TP, TN 的去除率均比生态干渠的高,分别高 29.0%, 17.5%,28.4%;系统末端复合人工湿地对污染物质的去除效果分别为 COD 50.6%, TP 44.9%, TN 36.4%。一年内依托集成技术建设的生态工程去除污染物的总量为 COD 143.71 t, TP 2.43 t 和 TN 16.99 t,对氮磷的去除量相当于一座负荷为 350~620m3/d 的市政污水处理厂去除的量。经济效益分析得出,整个系统日耗电量 18 度,由一名工人即可管护。传统施肥减量 20%+叶面肥,每年每公顷可减少氮肥投入约 2400 元,增加叶面肥投入约 500 元,减少收入约 1300 元,合计增收 3200 元。浮萍滞留与养分循环利用,每年每公顷韭菜地相当于少施用 151kg尿素和 93kg 过磷酸钙的氮磷含量。施用 DCD 和元素硫,淋溶水中硝态氮的浓度降低了 59.2%,测渗水中则降低了 62.2%。可见,居民-农田混合区面源污染控制集成技术不但可以有效去除污染物,而且在保证产量的情况下,增加农民收益。技术适用于城市郊区、城乡结合部及广大农村等城市污水管网未覆盖地区推广使用,具有巨大的推广潜力。 The Dianchi Lake is located in the Yunnan Province, southwest of China. The total area of the region is about 2920 km2, with 309 km2 lake area. The lake is the most important source of freshwater for the Kunming, and also receives wastewater from the city. As a result, the lake has become one of the most severely eutrophic lakes in China.
出处 《生态科学》 CSCD 2008年第5期346-350,共5页 Ecological Science
基金 the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSASIP0605) National Natural Science Foundation of China (30600084) the National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) of China (2007AA06Z300 and 2005AA60101002) National Key Technology R&D Program (2007BAD87B12)~~
关键词 面源污染 居民-农田区 生态干渠 生态支沟 A/O生物处理 组合基质床 Non-point Pollution Resident-farmland Area Ecological trunk canal Ecological channel A/Obiodisposal Complex medium bed
作者简介 吴永红(1979-),男,博士研究生,环境化学与富营养化控制过程与机理。 通讯作者,E—mail:lzyang@issas.ac.cn
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参考文献5

  • 1KMABDL (Kunming Mtmicipal Administration Bureau of Dianchi Lake). 2004. The brief introduction on Dianchi Lake protection and pollution treatment [M]. Kunming: Yunan People's Press, 1-202.
  • 2KMEPB (Kunming Municipal Environment Protection Bureau). 2003. The research report of surveying on water pollution characteristics of Dianchi Lake [M]. Ktmming: Yunan People's Press, 1-174.
  • 3Huang Y'mgna, Zhang Tianzhth Zeng Siyu, et al. 2006. Policy research on agricultural non-point source water pollution conlrol in Dianchi Lake area of China [A]. In: Environmental and Resource Economists 3rd World Congress. Kyoto, Japan. http://www.webmeets.com/files/papers/ERE/WC3/891/Policy%20Research%20on%20Agricultural%20Non-point%20 Source%20Water%20Pollution%20Control%20in%20Dian chi%20Lake%20Area%20of%20China.Ddf
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