摘要
由于三等介音j的产生及作用,上古后期汉语韵母的元音舌位发生过央化、前化与高化,与之相应,声母也发生了央化、前化;在不同方言区,声母的变化也不一样。这些声母变化与韵母变化在舌位移动方向上是一致的,从而是可以得到相互解释和证明的。目前,还没有条件为上古不同时段的不同方言构建各自的音系,暂时只能用一个统一的上古音系衡量有时地差异的声、韵关系,这在解释声韵部类关系上必然会出现统一音系与有时地差异音系的矛盾:韵母元音舌位的变化传统上用"转"来解释;声母这种发音部位历时的移动,统一音系的平面上表现为一个声母具有不同发音部位的音素,传统也是用"转"解释,现代语音学主流则从复声母来源角度解释。这是用不变即"共时""共域"的标准来衡量上古后期语音材料中存在的异时、异域因素。本文认为,从上古语音有分期、有方音的角度看,这些都是汉语在上古后期发生的历史音变。
Owing to the occurrence and the function of the head vowel [-j-], the place of tongue for the finals in the late ancient Chinese is committed to such changes as centralizing, fronting and rising. Corresponding to these changes are those of the initials, which also involve centralizing and fronting. Meanwhile, different dialectal areas witness different changes in the initials. The initial changes as such are consistent with the final changes in the direction of tongue movement, the two of which could co--explain and co--evidence each other. So far, we still lack conditions for constructing respective phonological systems for the different stages of varied dialectal sounds. The only way we could take as a temporary solution lies in a unified initial and final system of the ancient Chinese. That provisional solution is inevitably associated with a conflict between the unified model and the temporal and spatial differences. The problem in the tongue position for vowels in the finals is conventionally interpreted as ＂transition＂; the diachronic movement of the pronouncing place for the initials, which are represented as different phones at different places from the angle of the unified phonological model, is also called ＂transition＂ in the tradition, but is interpreted as compound initials in the main stream of modern phonetics. This is apparently a synchronic observation. The present paper, however, holds that the differences have resulted from historical changes.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第5期39-48,共10页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
关键词
上古音
历史音变
方音
央化
前化
高化
ancient Chinese phonetic sound
history phonetic change
dialectal sound variation
centralization
fronting
rising in sound
作者简介
黄易青（1951-），男，福建省南安县人，北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心，教授。
