摘要
基于冲击波在交界面两侧压力和速度必须各自相等的连续性条件,求解爆轰产物中适用的反射波方程和介质中适用的冲击波方程,得到药包周围介质中冲击波的初始参数。通过波的传播机理,把集中药包应力波随距离的衰减公式扩展到延长药包,并计算耦合与不耦合装药爆破时距爆心相同距离处岩石中冲击波的参数。由计算结果可知:(1)耦合装药爆破时形成的冲击波压力超过岩石抗压强度极限几十倍以上,药包周围岩石形成粉碎区;(2)与耦合装药爆破相比,不耦合装药爆破可以降低孔壁处岩石中冲击波初始压力,但可以增加孔壁后岩石中的冲击波压力。合理的不耦合系数,可使岩石不形成粉碎区,大幅度减少能量耗散;(3)水一般认为是非线性弹性介质,因此水介质成为炸药爆轰产物与岩石间的弹性缓冲层,增加了能量传递,延长了冲击波作用时间,加大了爆炸的作用范围。
Based on the continuity conditions at the interface on both sides, of which the pressures and velocities must be equal, the initial shock wave parameters of the medium surrounding a charge are given by calculating the equations valid for reflected wave in detonation products and the equations valid for shock wave in medium. Attenuation equation of stress waves, which is attenuated with increased distance of wave front from the vibration source, is extended from spherical charges to cylindrical charges based on the propagation theory of wave. Then the shock-wave parameters of the rock having the same distance from the detonation source are worked out in the case of decoupled charges and coupled charges. The conclusions obtained as follows： （1） the shock wave pressure is ten or hundred times larger than ultimate compressive strength of rock, then the smesh zone comes into being in the rock surrounding a charge; （2） in contrast with coupled charge blasting, decoupled charge blasting could decrease the initial shock wave pressure of bore wall＇s rock, but increase the shockwave pressure of bore wall＇s back rock. If the reasonable coefficient of decouple charge is adopted, the smesh zone will disappear and the dissipation of energy will decrease; （3） in view of a kind of nonlinear elastic medium, water, between detonation products and rock, can be suggested as an elastic buffer which increases the propagation of energy, protracts action time of shock wave and enlarges the action region of shock wave.
出处
《岩土力学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第10期2837-2842,共6页
Rock and Soil Mechanics
关键词
不耦合装药
初始参数
衰减公式
弹性缓冲层
decouple charge
initial parameter
attenuation equation
elastic buffer
作者简介
王伟，男，1978年生，博士研究生，主要从事岩石动力学方面的研究。E-mail：wangweiuuu@163．com
