摘要
随着全球自然保护区数量以及保护区内部及周边人口的与日俱增,保护与发展的和谐问题引起了学者们的广泛关注。本文将自然保护区与当地社区看作两个互相作用的系统,从自然保护区对当地社区经济发展、生活质量和文化教育的影响以及当地社区对自然保护区生物多样性的影响两方面剖析了自然保护区与当地社区的关系,并在此基础上提出了自然保护区与当地社区关系的3种典型模式:发展平衡型、发展失衡型和冲突竞争型,其中发展失衡型又分为社区不利型和保护区不利型。然后从就业机会、野生动物对农作物和家畜的破坏及补偿、对资源利用的限制、旅游的开展、社区参与、家畜的饲养和放牧、非木林产品的采集、狩猎、农业活动以及传统保护等10个方面对3种模式加以识别。这种模式的划分以及关键行为特征的识别便于保护区为社区管理工作定位,有助于保护区与社区的和谐发展。
The conflict between conservation and development has emerged, due to the simultaneous increase of global protected areas （PAs） and local populations within and adjacent to the PAs. Assuming that PAs and their local communities are of an interactive system, the relationships between them were analyzed from two aspects, i. e. , the influence of PAs upon the economic development, life quality, and cultural education of local communities, and that of local communities upon the biodiversity of PAs. Based on these analyses, three typical patterns on the relationships between PAs and local communities, i. e. , harmonious development, unbalanced development （including community-damaged type and protected area- damaged type） , and conflict and competition, were put forward, and the critical behavioral characteristics of these patterns in terms of employment opportunity, intensity of wildlife destruction and compensation, restrictions on resources utilization, tourism, community participation, breeding and grazing, collection of non-timber forest products, hunting, agricultural activities, and traditional conservation were distinguished, which could offer some information for the orientation of community management in PAs, and benefit the harmonious development between PAs and local communities.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第9期1612-1619,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(70573105)
关键词
自然保护区
社区管理
发展平衡型
发展失衡型
冲突竞争型
protected area
community management
harmonious development pattern, unbalanced development pattern
conflict-competition pattern.
作者简介
刘静，女，1983年生，博士研究生。主要从事自然保护区的管理研究。E-mail：jingbiodiversity@gmail．com
通讯作者 E-mail：hmiao@rcees．ac．cn
