摘要
本文总结和归纳了在北美、欧洲以及亚洲广泛应用的毛茛科Ranunculaceae升麻族Cimicifugeae药用植物的系统分类、传统药用价值、现代药理以及化学成分研究结果,并在此基础上初步探讨了该族植物的药用亲缘学关系。升麻族药用植物主要含有9,19-阿尔廷烷三萜皂苷以及肉桂酸衍生物两大类化合物。升麻族植物在传统药用中被用来镇痛、解毒、抗炎,在北美很早就被印第安人用来治疗妇科疾病。现代药理研究发现升麻族植物还具有抗骨质疏松、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、类雌激素样作用等。通过对升麻族植物药用亲缘学的初步研究,我们发现由于类叶升麻属Actaea和升麻属Cimicifuga的疗效和化学成分相近,因此两属的亲缘关系也近。考虑它们果实的形态差异,以及细胞学特征不同,认为这两属为升麻族植物的一个分支,且以类叶升麻属较升麻属更为进化。从化学分类学的角度来看,铁破锣属Beesia含有特殊铁破锣皂苷可以成为一个独立的分支,而黄三七属Souliea既和铁破锣属一样含有五环三萜和铁破锣型环阿尔廷烷三萜类化合物,又和升麻属、类叶升麻属一样含有吲哚生物碱,因此可以认为它是铁破锣属和升麻属、类叶升麻属之间的一个过渡类型。升麻族植物特有的清热解毒功效与其特殊的阿尔廷烷三萜皂苷化学成分密切相关,因此我们认为阿尔廷烷三萜皂苷可以作为抗肿瘤、抗病毒的新药源进一步深入研究。
The phylogeny, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology and chemical composition of the tribe Cimicifugeae attributed to the family of Ranunculaceae as used in the North America, Europe and Asia, were reviewed and compared. Furthermore, the pharmacophylogenetics of Cimicifugeae was investigated. A survey of the available literature showed that the main chemical constituents of these species are 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid glycosides and the cinnamic acid derivates. In ethnopharmacology, plants of tribe Cimicifugeae were commonly used as antipyretic, antitoxic, anti-inflammation agents and utilized for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Recent pharmacology research demonstrated that some of these Cimicifugeae species showed antiosteoporosis, antivirus, anticancer, antiallergic and hormonal-like activities. According to our present research and the literature record for the chemical, pharmacological and phylogeny research of tribe Cimicifugeae, we proposed that Actaea and Cimicifuga have a close relationship because of their similarity in chemical constituents and medical use. Actaea and Cimicifuga together could be considered one clade of tribe considering its diagnostic and karyological characters. Beesia Cimicifugeae, and Actaea is relatively advanced, was independent in this tribe since beesioside type triterpenoids had never been found in Actaea and Cimicifuga species. Meanwhile, pentacyclic triterpenoids and beesioside type triterpenoids were both isolated from Beesia, as well as Souliea, but they have not been found in Cimicifuga and Actaea. Indolinone alkaloids were detected in either Souliea or Cimicifuga and Actaea. Therefore, Souliea should be intermediate between Beesia and Cimicifuga. There is a close relationship between the cycloartane triterpenoids constituents and the anti-toxic, anti-pyretic effect of tribe Cimicifugeae. Therefore, we proposed the cycloartane triterpenoids constituents to be a new resource of anti-minor and anti-virus agents.
出处
《植物分类学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期516-536,共21页
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(30530860)资助.
关键词
化学分类
升麻族
传统药物学
药用亲缘学
毛茛科
chemotaxonomy, Cimicifugeae, ethnopharmacology, pharmacophylogenetics, Ranunculaceae.
作者简介
通讯作者（Author for correspondence. E-mail： xiaopg@public.bta.net.cn）。
