摘要
土地利用变化对生物多样性影响是生物多样性受到威胁的重要因素。文章对土地利用变化对基因多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性影响方面的研究进行了总结分析,并提出了新的展望。土地利用变化对基因多样性的影响涉及了对物种生境的隔离、农牧业活动对物种改良和生境条件的改变方面,目前还主要集中在对少数物种繁殖过程方面影响的研究;土地利用变化对物种多样性影响包括对物种优势度和丰富度、种间关系、物种分布格局、物种入侵和灭绝方面的影响,目前对物种丰富性和多样性影响方面研究较多,对物种灭绝、物种入侵和种间关系影响方面的研究极少,且还限于大型动物和植物,对微生物和小型动植物研究却很少;土地利用变化对生态系统的影响涉及了对生态系统结构组成及分布方面的影响。另外,目前缺少土地利用变化对基因多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性综合影响方面的研究,难以量化和预测土地利用变化对生物多样性影响效应。未来需要综合考虑基因多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性方面,系统开展土地利用变化对生物多样性影响的趋势和机制方面的研究,定量预测土地利用变化对生物多样性的影响。
Land use change is the important factors which threaten the biodiversity. The general trends of the study of impacts of land use change on the gene diversity, population diversity and ecosystem diversity were reviewed and new developing was also sug- gested. The effects of land use change on the gene diversity involved the fragment of species habitats resulted from the land use change, improving the breed of domestic plants or animals of agriculture and livestock＇s farms, and changing habitats condition re- sulted from the land use change. And the most of studies were about the effects of land use change on the reproduction of species. The effects of land use change on the species diversity involved the effects of land use change on the dominance and abundance, interspecies relationship, distribution pattern, invasion of species and extinction of species, and the most of the studies were about the dominance and abundance, while there were few studies about the effects of land use change on the extinction and invasion of species, and the studies were mainly about the effects of land use change on the species diversity of large animal and plants, while there were few studies about the effects of land use change on the species diversity of microbial and small animal or plants. The effects of land use change on the ecosystem diversity involved the structure and distribution of ecosystems. Additionally, there were few studies comprehensive considering the effects of land use change on the gene diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity, and analyzing quantitative the effects of land use ＇change on the biodiversity or predicting the effects of land use change on the biodiversity. In future, the gene diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity should be considered fully, and the effects and mechanism about the effects of land use change on the biodiversity should be studied, and the effects of land use change on the biodiversity could be predicted.
出处
《生态环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期1276-1281,共6页
Ecology and Environmnet
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关重点项目专题(2004-BA611B-02-03)
作者简介
吴建国（1971-），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事气候变化的影响与适应。E-mail：wujg9298@yahoo．com.cn.
