摘要
以金冠苹果侧芽和一年生结果枝为接穗,以皱皮木瓜枝为砧木,在夏、秋和春分别进行嵌芽接和劈接,观察接穗的生长表现并对嫁接接口处进行组织学探索。结果表明:接穗的萌芽、展叶、开花和座果均属"假活",金冠苹果和皱皮木瓜之间不存在嫁接亲和力。嫁接30 d后,接穗(芽或枝)表现为萌发、僵化或死亡,春季嫁接导致接穗最高的萌发率和最低的死亡率;在嫁接接口处的纵切面上,接穗明显地与砧木处于隔离状态。芽接时,夏季嫁接导致接穗的最低萌发率和最高死亡率,秋季嫁接时接穗萌发率和死亡率均居中、僵化率最高;接穗形成的嫩叶以春季嫁接的最健壮,夏季嫁接的为最弱小,秋季嫁接的长势居中。枝接时,夏季嫁接导致接穗最高的死亡率,秋季嫁接导致最高的僵化率,夏季嫁接的萌发率稍高于秋季的;3个季节嫁接后接穗形成的嫩叶几乎同样健壮,所有萌发的枝条均正常萌芽、展叶和伸长;秋、春嫁接接穗的花花色和花型正常,但开花约晚20 d;接穗座果在花谢7 d后全部脱落,再过7 d后接穗全部死亡。本研究结果可为苹果嫁接中砧木的选择提供参考。
Using the lateral buds and annual fructiferous branches of Malus pumila Mill. Golden delicious＇ as the scions and the branches of Chaenomeles speciosa （Sweet） Nakai as the rootstocks, chip budding and cleft grafting were carried out in summer, autumn and spring respectively, the growth state of the scions was observed and the histological researches were performed on the grafting unions. The results indicated that the germinating, leafing, flowering and fruiting of the scions were all pseudo alive, there was no graft compatibility between M. pumila ＂Golden delicious＂ and C. speciosa. By 30 d after grafting, the scions （buds or branches） displayed germinating, rigidifying or dieing, and grafting in spring resulted in the highest burgeoning percentage and the lowest death percentage of the scions. On the straight-cut section of the grafting union, the scion existed obviously in a state of being separated with the rootstock. As to the bud grafting, grafting in summer resulted in the lowest burgeoning percentage and the highest death percentage of the scions, grafting in autumn resulted in the middling percentages of burgeoning and death and the highest rigidifying percentage. The tender leaves of the scions grafted in spring were the most vigorous, the weakest were those grafted in summer and the middle were those grafted in autumn. As to the branch grafting, grafting in summer resulted in the highest death percentage of the scions, grafting in autumn resulted in the highest rigidifying percentage, and the burgeoning percentage of the scions grafted in summer was a bit higher than that in autumn. The tender leaves of the scions grafted in the three seasons were almost vigorous in like manner. All burgeoning branches germinated, leafed and elongated normally. The flower color and pattern of the scions grafted in autumn and spring were natural, but the florescence was about 20 days late. The setting fruits on the scions all fell off by seven days after the flowers languish. Another seven days later, all scions died off. The research results can provide a reference for the rootstock-selection in the grafting practice of M. pumila.
出处
《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
2008年第4期436-441,467,共7页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
昆明市科技局支农基金项目
关键词
金冠苹果
皱皮木瓜
嫁接亲和力
Malus pumila Mill. ＂ Golden delicious＂
Chaenomeles speciosa （ Sweet ） Nakai
graft compatibility
作者简介
武绍波（1965-），男，云南昭通人，副教授，主要从事果树栽培学教学和科研工作。
通讯作者E—mail：zhaoplumblossom49@yahoo．com．cn
