摘要
为研究祁连山植被对积雪消融的影响，利用人工调查积雪深度逐日变化量和积雪盖度变化，并结合空气雪面感热通量（SH）观测，对祁连山水源林生态站排露沟流域海拔2600-2700m青海云杉林、灌丛林、林缘、阳坡草地在2003-2007年的积雪消融进行了研究，每年的观测从10月降雪开始到翌年5月积雪消融完结束，共获取数据134400个。结果表明：当SH＜0时，积雪消融停止；当SH〉0时，积雪消融开始；植被可以减缓积雪消融速率，有植被的地方消融速率减慢，反之则加快；不同植被消融速率大小顺序为草地〉林缘〉灌木林〉乔木林；同一植被、不同坡向消融速率不同，半阳坡云杉林〉半阴坡云杉林〉阴坡云杉林．积雪含水率随气温升高而增大，1月融化积雪占整个积雪的5％，2月增大到28％，大量积雪在3月消融，占55％．从坡位看，下坡消融速率最大；在一个垂直带上，低海拔消融速率大于高海拔．温度是影响积雪消融的主要因子，积雪消融速率随温度升高而增大，反之则减小．
The study of the effect of vegetation on snow ablation can be used to predict the snowline, glacier and water level. The snow ablation is observed in the Picea crassifolia, shrub, frost edge and grassland of sunny slope at the altitudes between 2600 and 2700 m from 2003 to 2007. The daily variable of snow depth and the change of snow coverage and the sensible heat flux of snow surface are used to determine the snow ablation at Pailugou Basin of Water Conservation Forest in the Qilian Mountains. The observation began with the snowfall in October and ended at the completely ablation of snow in May, and got 1344000 observation data. The results show that： （1） the snow ablation ends at SH〈0 and starts at SH〉0. （2） The vegetation can alleviate the velocity of snow ablation. （3） The rank of velocities of ablation under different vegetations is： grassland frost edge〉shrub〉highwood. （4） The snow water content increases with the rise of temperature. （5）The velocity of snow ablation is different under the same vegetation but different slope aspect, and the rank of velocity of snow ablation under Picea crassifolia for different slope aspect is： half-sunny slope〉 half shade slope 〉 shade slope. （6） The snow ablation in Jan., Feb. and March are the 5%, 20% and 50% of the total snow pack, respectively, large snow pack ablates at March. The ablation velocity at down slope＇ is the largest. The ablation velocity is higher at lower altitude than at higher altitude. （7） The temperature is the main influence factors of snow ablation, the velocity of snow ablation increases with the rise of temperature, and vice versa.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期392-397,共6页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目"干旱半干旱地区森林与水资源相互影响及合理调控机理"(30230290)
国家林业局"十一五"重点项目"甘肃祁连山水源涵养林生态水文过程机理研究"资助
关键词
祁连山
积雪
消融规律
Qilian Mountains
snow cover
ablation
作者简介
车宗玺（1980-），男，甘肃会宁人，助理工程师．2002年毕业于甘肃农业大学，主要从事森林生态、水文及积雪消融研究．E—mail：chezongxi@126．com
