摘要
回顾了国内外重大危险源辨识相关法规和标准的发展状况,以及目前我国重大危险源监管工作中存在的辨识问题。对重大危险源的概念,适用范围,危险物质临界量,混合物及溶液的辨识,多种危险物质数量的累加计算,以及重大危险源分类和分级等方面在实际应用中存在的问题分别进行讨论,与国外作法相比较,针对目前存在的问题,提出了一些建议措施。
The present article is to report our studies over the ways to identify the major hazard accidents that are likely to take place with the chemical and petrochemical installations. As has been reported, with more and more major accidents occurred in above said installations, the concept of major accident hazard began to appear in 1970s firstly in EEC and other western countries or regions with the purpose for effective prevention. China began to attach close attention to the control of such accidents in 1990s and the first national standard for controlling major hazard installation accidents came into force in 2000. Although the first standard plays an important role in securing the management and control of the above said installations, serious problems, particularly, those with the identification of major hazard installation accidents, remains unsolved. First of all, the definition of major hazard installations itself is not clear, with different people keeping different ideas as to what the so-called major hazard installation accidents mean to the same plant under this standard. Secondly, the standard fails to cover adequate or complete range and scope. Thirdly, the standard fails to specify the threshold quantities of hazardous materials reasonably with enough consideration of the definite properties of the materials and consequences that may lead to the major hazardous accidents. The standard has not even given to the ways for identifying major hazard installations of mixtures and solutions. Therefore, this paper feels the need to review the progress in this connection and regulations and standards to be clearly laid out. It also tries to discuss problems involving the regulations and methods as to identifying accidents. In addition, it has analyzed and compared the existing differences and gaps between China and some developed counties in this respect. The authors also consider that the definition of major hazards with the concept of the whole business area should be made more practical. Furthermore, the scope of major hazard installations should be extended to cover more extensive categories with threshold quantities of the hazardous materials clarified and reasonably justified. And in particular, specific standards should be drawn for the classification and categorization of major hazard accidents.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2008年第2期163-166,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAK01B02)
关键词
安全管理
重大危险源
辨识
技术标准
safety management
major hazard installations
identification
standard
作者简介
师立晨，工程师，硕士，从事危险化学品安全技术及重大危险源安全管理等研究，shilichen@126．com。
