摘要
为研究青岛市黄岛区的饮用水源对人体健康的影响,应用改进的美国环境保护局(USEPA)健康风险评价模型和Strenge等提出的计算模型,结合山东地区人群状况,对该区饮用水源地中污染物通过饮水和皮肤接触进入人体产生的危害进行了风险计算和评价。2006年黄岛区各饮用水源地中污染物所致健康危害的个人年总风险最大为1.54×10-4a-1。其中化学致癌物质所致健康危害的个人年风险按从大到小排列为:铬、砷。而非致癌物质所致健康危害的个人年风险按从大到小排列为:氟化物、铅、铜、氨氮、氰化物、挥发酚。并且化学致癌物质所致健康危害远大于非致癌物质。另外,通过饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险要远大于通过皮肤接触途径所致的风险。
The present paper aims at presenting a health-hazard assessment research based on the authors＇ work in the efforts to provide a quantitative description of the relationship between pollutants and human health. For our research purpose, we have first of all made a general survey on the likely pollutants from 5 water-supply sources in Huangdao District of Qingdao City, including the toxic pollutants in water that may enter into human bodies through drinking and dermal contact. To test the hazards that may be caused through drinking, we have adopted the assessment model recommended by USEPA while the model of Strenge is used for assessment of the hazards that may be exposed through dermal contact. In our assessment practice, we have also used some assessment parameters provided by EPA based on the conditions of the assessed area, in which some other parameters.have been modified in accordance with the related domestic literatures. The results we have gained through testing and measurement show that, the total annual maximal hazard likely to be exposed to each resident that may be caused by all kinds of pollutants is 1.54×10^-4 a^-1 , higher than the maximum tolerable value of 5.0 ×10^-5 a^-1 recommended by ICRP and much higher than those of 1.0×10^-6 a^-1 recommended by Sweden Bureau of Environment Protection and Hol- land Ministry of Building and Environment Protection. More accurately speaking, each resident is likely to be exposed to chromium 〉 ar- senic hazard originated from the chemical carcinogens whereas the degree of hazards he has to exposed himself due to non-carcinogens is fluoride 〉 plumbum 〉 cuprum 〉 ammonia 〉 cyanide 〉 hydrox-ybenzene. In addition, the total annual maximal hazard threatening each resident is expected to reach 9.13×10^-5 a^-1, higher than that of 5.0×10^-5 a^-1 recommended by ICRP. However, the degree of fluoride is 4.11×10^-9 a^-1, which is lower than the state-controlling standard. The above facts help us to conclude that the hazards due to the chemical carcinogens are potentially much higher than those of non-carcinogens. Therefore, they have been confirmed as the pollutants that should be controlled with particular attention. At the same time, the total annual hazard that is likely to be exposed through drinking is 7.51×10^-4 a^-1, which is also much higher than the data of 2.66×10^-6 a^-l caused by dermal contact. However, the given research has neglected the impact that may be caused by radioactive substances and other organic pollutants concerned. Hence, the hasards that are taken into consideration in this research may seem to be lower than the total data of the realistic hazards likely to be caused by the general environmental pollution.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2008年第2期83-86,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40572142)
关键词
环境科学
饮用水源
健康风险
评价
模型
致癌物质
environmental science
water supply source
healthrisk
assessment
model
carcinogen
作者简介
杨仝锁，硕士研究生，从事水污染控制与环境影响评价研究。
郑西来（通讯作者），教授，博士，从事水资源与水污染控制研究，zhxilai@ouc．edu．cn。
