摘要
用定量分析法对镇江内江湿地植物群落演替进程中种群生态位动态进行了研究。先采用"空间代替时间"方法,选择四类典型样地,分别代表群落演替进程中四个不同阶段。再以每个调查样方作为多维资源的综合资源位,用Levins生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式测算不同演替阶段内所有种群的生态位宽度以及同一演替阶段内所有种群间的生态位重叠,并分析它们的生态学意义。结果表明,不同演替阶段,群落的优势种群生态位占绝对优势,揭示了它们较强的环境适应能力和较高的资源利用能力。种群生态位动态较好地表征了演替过程中对应种群及生境的动态变化,尤其是优势种群的更迭。总体上,生态位较宽的种群间生态位重叠较大,有较多相似生态特性的种群间生态位重叠也较大。群落内种群的平均生态重叠随演替逐渐增加,至中后期最高,后期略有回落,这主要由群落内种群种内竞争和种间竞争共同作用的结果。
Zhenjiang Inner-river wetland lied to the north of Zhenjiang City, along the Yangtse River, and formed from the sediments of nud and sand taken by the Yangtse River. On this wetland, the primary naked succession of Plant community began with Phalaris arundinacea population invasion which acted as pioneer species, then went into Phalaris arundinacea-Phragmites communis community, and ultimately reached the climax commuity Phragmites communis community. In this paper, The niche dynamics of population of vegegation community in succession process in Zhenjiang Inner-river wetland were analyzed by the quantitative analysis method. First, by using the space series to replace time courses, four typical sample plots standing for four different successive stages were chosen. Then each investigation quadrate can be used as synthetical resource states which included multi-dimension resources. The niche breadths of all populations in different succession stages and the niche overlaps among all populations in same succession stage were measured using the formula described by Levins and Pianka, and farther analyzed their ecological senses. The results showed that every stage community was dominated by the dominant species with the largest niche breaths, which revealed their stronger capacity to adapt to environment and higher efficiency to utilize resources. The dynamics of niche breadths of populations in community process properly manifested the dynamics of corresponding populations and habitats, especially the replacement between dominant species. In general, the niche overlaps were higher between the species that had greater niche breadths than between those that had relatively narrower niche breadths. The niche overlaps also were higher between two species that had more similar ecological characteristics. With succession process, the average niche overlaps of populations in communities increased first, and reached tiptop in middle anaphase, and then decreased little in anaphase, which mainly caused by interspecific and intraspecific competitions of populations in communities.
出处
《生态环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期278-284,共7页
Ecology and Environmnet
基金
国家863项目(2003AA60110)
江苏大学高级人才基金资助项目(07JDG043)
关键词
湿地
演替进程
生态位宽度
生态位重叠
竞争
wetland
succession process
niche breadth
niche overlap
competition
作者简介
付为国（1969-），男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事湿地生态修复的研究。E-mail：cxp-98@163．com
