摘要
以初始体重(5.73±0.36)g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)幼鱼为实验对象,在室内水族箱中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验。以基础饲料为对照,分别添加紫苏子提取物100、300、500和800 mg/kg配制实验颗粒饲料,研究饲料中不同剂量紫苏子提取物(Extractives ofPerillaseeds,EPS)对异育银鲫生长、存活和体生化组成的影响。结果显示:基础饲料中添加300 mg/kg的紫苏子提取物的实验C组对异育银鲫有显著的促生长作用。该组(C组)异育银鲫不仅增重率最大(99.5%)、饲料效率和蛋白质效率最高(分别为42.74%和118.72%),而且脏体比最小;添加EPS各实验组与对照组异育银鲫躯体的水分(76%左右)、粗蛋白(16%—17%)和粗脂肪(4%—5%)含量没有显著影响。不过C组与其他各组相比,脂肪含量最低(4.11%),低于对照组;而其蛋白含量最高(17.03%),高于对照组(16.45%);此外C组的内脏脂肪含量(5.23%)最低,显著低于对照组(9.21%)。添加紫苏子提取物能相应提高躯体和内脏的PUFA和HUFA的含量,综合效果以C组添加300mg/kg紫苏子提取物的效果最好。实验表明,在饲料中添加300mg/kg的紫苏子提取物能显著提高异育银鲫的生长和食物利用率。
The seed of Perilla sp., which is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, was analyzed to have many bioactive constituents such as tormentic acid （TA）, α-linoleic acid, oleanolic acid, volatile oil（mainly terpene compounds） and flavone ect. It is often used in the dietary of livestock and chicken to improve the growth performance of them in China,but few used in the dietary of the aquatic animal. So the objective of this study is to learn the effect of dietary extractives of Perilla seed （EPS） levels on suvival, growth and body biochemistry composition in Carassius auratus gibelio and testify the role of extractives of Perilla seed. Two hundred and twenty five gibel carps with initial weight （5.73 ± 0.36） g were used in ingestion growth trial for 8 weeks at room temperature 25-28℃. The tested fish were randomly divided into 5 groups with triplicates in each group and then the fish were cultured in 15 indoor tanks at room temperature and fed with 5 experimental particle diets （i. e. control diet and the other four diets containing 100, 300, 500 and 800mg/kg EPS respectively, designated as group A, B, C, D and E）. The weight gain rate （WGR）, specific growth rate （SGR） and feed efficiency （FE） in juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio were determined using 15 individuals. The body composition and fatty acid composition were also arrayed employing 15 individuals. The results showed that dietary EPS levels significantly affected the survival, growth and body composition of juvenile gibel carp. The WGR, SGR and FE at 300mg,/kg EPS reached the maximum （99.50 % , 1.19 % and 42.74 % ）, nevertheless the hepatosomatic index got to the minimum. While as the EPS level further ascended, WGR, SGR and FE significantly decreased （p 〈 0.05）.
The body composition analysis revealed that no significant differences were found in the content of moisture, crude protein and crude lipid between the treatment groups and the corresponding identical content in all groups were 76%, 16%-17% and 4%-5% , respectively）. When comparing to other groups, both overall and visceral crude lipid content and in group C were the lowest （former 4.11% in content and latter p 〈 0.05 in statistic）, while the crude protein content was the highest （17.03%） . The ash content in the group C was significantly lower than the control （p 〈 0.05）, whereas,there was no significant difference among all other groups （ p 〉 0.05） .
Analysis of carcass fatty acid and viscera fatty acid showed that EPA and DHA of group C in fish carcass were not significantly different from the other groups. The EPA and monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） of group C in fish carcass significantly decreased（p 〈 0.05）. Under condition that the EPS level was 300 mg/kg, the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） showed no significant difference compared with the control, and however, it was significantly higher than the group E（p 〈 0.05）. As mentioned above, EPS additives enhanced the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） and high-unsaturated fatty acid （HUFA） in the carcass and viscera and note that the ideal effects were observed in the group C.
Accordingly, the result from this experiment suggested that 300mg/kg EPS in the diet of gibel carp can significantly improve growth and feed utilization. Moreover, general content of EPS added in diets will have a great effect on the content of crude protein, ash and crude lipid as well as the unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） composition of viscera.
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期258-266,共9页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
上海市曙光计划项目(02G40)
上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101)
丽水学院科研项目(KY06026)资助
关键词
异育银鲫
紫苏子提取物
生长
饲料效率
体组成
不饱和脂肪酸
Carassius auratus gibelio
Extractives of Perilla seeds
Growth
Feed efficiency
Body composition
Unsaturated fatty acid
作者简介
吕耀平（1967-），男，浙江缙云人；副教授，硕士；研究方向为水生生物学和动物营养学。E-mail：kye@1s0578．net
通讯作者：成永旭，E-mail：yxcheng@shfu．edu．cn
