摘要
岩石变形破坏的过程是和外界产生能量交换的过程。从理论上分析了用能量方法研究岩石破坏问题的合理性,以及岩石在变形过程中弹性能、塑性能、表面能、辐射能、动能之间相互转化的过程、计算原理、以及对岩石破坏所起的不同作用。并分别从宏观和微观的角度研究了在不同的变形阶段中岩石能量耗散与释放问题。在宏观上,岩石变形前期以弹性应变能的方式存储外界提供的能量,同时又通过损伤演化等向外界耗散能量;变形的后期以剧烈的能量释放为主。微观上,存在多种引起岩石应变硬化和应变软化的机制,岩石存储能量还是向外界释放能量取决于这些微观机制竞争的最后结果,基于此推导了岩石变形中能量的传递方程,用试验研究了能量的转化和平衡,以及耗散能和释放能之间的比例关系。结果表明能量耗散导致岩石强度的降低,而能量释放是造成岩石灾变破坏的真正原因。从能量耗散与释放的观点研究岩石的破坏,可以从本质上把握岩石变形和破坏的物理机理,寻找岩石破坏的真正原因,为实际工程提供参考。
As rock deformation, fracture and energy exchange with outer environment happen at the same time, the rationality to study rock destruction with energy methods is discussed in this paper. For there are many kinds of en- ergy in the deformation of rock such as elastic energy, plastic energy, surface energy, radiation energy, kinetic en- ergy etc, authors anatomize the process of energy transformation among these energies, calculation theories, different effect on rock fracture, and study energy dissipation and energy release in different deformation process in macroscopic and microcosmic aspects. In microscopic aspect, rock storages energy in the form of elasticity energy and dissipates energy by damage evolving in the initial deformation stage and releases plenty of energy in later stage. In microcosmic aspect, there are many factors which can harden or soften the rock. Whether the rock storages energy or releases energy is determined by the final results of these microcosmic factors＇competition. And the theoretical equation of energy transformation is deduced. On the base of test, transformation and balance, as well as ration be- tween dissipation energy and release energy are studied. Finally, this paper demonstrates that energy dissipation leads to the strength reduction, while energy release results in the catastrophic failure of rocks. Consequently, from the viewpoint of energy dissipation and energy release to study the failure of rock, we could understand the essential physical mechanism of rock deformation and fracture, find out the true reason for rock failure, and offer reference to the engineering practice.
出处
《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期26-31,共6页
Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(5057904250639100)
国家测绘局73资助项目(2002CB412705
2002CB412707)
关键词
岩石
能量传递
能量耗散
能量释放
rock
energy transfer
energy dissipation
energy release
作者简介
赵忠虎（1979-）男，博士生．研究方向：岩石力学．
