摘要
岩石在变形破坏过程中始终不断与外界交换着物质和能量,岩石的热力学状态也相应的不断发生变化。根据非平衡热力学理论,从理论上解释了岩石变形破坏过程的能量耗散及能量释放特征。在岩石的变形破坏过程中,热量供给和岩石体积元的形状及位置变化作为岩石体积元内塑性硬化、微缺陷形成等的能量源,导致弥散在岩石内部的微缺陷不断演化,从无序分布逐渐向有序发展,形成宏观裂纹,最终宏观裂纹沿某一方位汇聚形成大裂纹导致整体失稳(灾变)。从力学角度而言,它实际上就是一个从局部耗散到局部破坏最终到整体灾变的过程。从热力学上看,岩石(岩体)这一变形、破坏、灾变过程是一种能量耗散的不可逆过程,包含能量耗散和能量释放。岩体总体灾变实质上是能量耗散和能量释放的全过程,而灾变瞬间是以能量释放作为主要动力。
Rocks continuously exchange energy and mass with the external environment in their deformation or fracture, and their thermodynamic state continuously changes correspondingly. The paper interprets the energy dissipation and release characteristics of rocks in deformation and fracture process with non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory. In the said process, the heat supply and the change in he shape and position of rock volume elements which are the energy source for the plastic strain hardening and micro-crack formation in rocks lead to the continuous growth of the micro-cracks dispersed in rocks, which develop gradually from disorderly to orderly and form macro-cracks. Macro-cracks in turn concentrate in certain direction and finally form large cracks that lead to the integral instability. From the viewpoint of mechanics, it is, as a matter of fact, a process from local damage, to brushfire fracture and eventually to integral collapse. From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, this process from rock deformation, failure to collapse is an irreversible process of energy dissipation, including both energy dissipation and energy release. The rockmass collapse is essentially a whole process of energy dissipation and release, and the moment of collapse is mainly powered by energy release.
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第3期61-64,132,共5页
Metal Mine
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(编号:2002CB412705)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:50579042)
关键词
岩石
能量耗散
失稳破坏
损伤
强度
Rock, Energy dissipation, Instability-caused failure, Damage, Strength
作者简介
彭瑞东（1974-），男，中国矿业大学（北京）煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室，博士，讲师，100083北京市海淀区学院路丁11号中国矿业大学（北京）33号信箱。
