摘要
为建立高油大豆优质高产同步旱作栽培体系,进行了抗(耐)旱高油高产大豆品种(系)筛选,土壤水份对高油大豆产量和油分含量的影响,蓄水保墒耕作技术研究,大豆行间覆膜栽培技术对产量的影响等单项研究及对高油高产抗旱单项栽培技术组装研究。结果如下:筛选出适宜黑龙江省大豆主产区种植的抗(耐)旱高油大豆品种黑农37、黑农41、黑农44、合丰40、垦农4、红丰11、黑河27、合丰47;黑农41品种,任何生育时期受到干旱胁迫都会对其产量和油分含量造成负面影响,其干旱胁迫影响程度表现为:结荚～鼓粒期>鼓粒期>结荚期>花期>苗期,以结荚～鼓粒期干旱胁迫影响最大,可使单株产量下降27.1%,油分下降12.6%;秋翻秋起垄整地是较好蓄水保墒耕作技术,较春搅茬起垄有较明显增产效果,增产幅度为14.28%～16.67%;黑农44品种适宜种植密度垄上穴播为20～25万株hm-2,垄上双条播为25万株hm-2;大豆行间覆膜栽培技术在适应推广区域内是一项具有显著增产效果和推广价值的栽培技术,其增产幅度为13.55%～25.4%;提出建立高油大豆高产高油同步旱作栽培技术体系的最佳模式:以高油品种黑农44为核心,在蓄水保墒的秋翻秋起垄的耕作基础上,配之穴播+优化施肥(N7+P14+K10)+抗旱种衣剂+抗旱叶面肥+行间覆膜。
To set up integrated cultivation technique for high-oil soybean, the individual technique including screening of drought tolerance or resistance soybean cultivars, effects of soil moisture on yield and oil content of high-oil soybean, tillage technique of reserving soil moisture, effect of covering plastic film between rows on yield of soybean,and the combination of these single technique were researched. The results were as follows：Eight drought tolerant or resistant high-oil soybean varieties Heinong 37, Heinong 41, Heinong 44, Hefeng 40, Kenong 4, Hongfeng 11, Heihe 27 and Hefeng 47 were screened,which were fit to plant in main production region in Heilongjiang. The yield and oil content of Heinong 41 could be affected negatively by drought stress at any growth stage. The degree affected by drought were podding-seedling〉seedling 〉podding 〉blooming〉 seedling,and drought stress occurred at podding-seedling stage caused 27.1% yield loss of single plant and 12.60/40 oil content loss in Heinong 41. The plowing and ridging in autumn tillage technique was better in reserving soil moisture than that in spring,and the technique made yield increased from 14.28% to 16.67%. ;The optimizing planting density of Heinong 44 was either 2.0 -2.5×10^5 plants hm^-2 on hole-planting or 2.5×10^5 plants hm^-2 on double strip planting; The covering plastic film between rows could increase soybean yield and worth extending in suitable soybean production region. Yield increasing ranged from 13.55% to 25.4 %;The elite model of cultivation technique in arid area for both good-quality and high-yield was set up, namely, high oil content soybean cuhivar Heinong 44 was used as core technique,integrating techniques including hole-planting,optimizing fertilizing （N7＋P14＋Kl0）, using seed coating agent for drought tolerance, using leaf fertilizer for drought tolerance, and covering film between rows under the condition of plowing and ridging in autumn.
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第6期885-891,共7页
Soybean Science
基金
黑龙江省财政厅资助项目
黑龙江省科技厅资助项目(GA06B102-1)
关键词
高油大豆
优质高产
旱作栽培
技术体系
High-oil soybean
Good-quality and high-yield
Cultivation technique in arid area
Technique system
作者简介
栾晓燕（1964-）女，研究员，硕士，主要从事大豆遗传育种研究。E-mail：luanxiaoyan1201@163．com
通讯作者：满为群，研究员。E-mail：manweiqun@163．com
