摘要
目的了解1990~2006年中国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）甲型病毒性肝炎（甲肝）的流行病学特征，为甲肝疫苗（HepA）使用原则的制定提供参考依据。方法对法定传染病报告系统报告的甲肝发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果]990～2006年中国甲肝发病呈逐年下降趋势。全年均有发病，春季高峰逐渐被削平。发病年龄主要集中在≤30岁的人群，尤其是≤19岁、≤5岁年龄段发病构成比较低，但有逐年增加的趋势，发病年龄有上移现象。男性发病多丁女性，并呈现男女发病比升高的趋势。1990～2006年甲肝发病人数最多的是农民、学生、散居儿童、工人，甲肝病例职业构成中农民南1990～1994年的29．51％逐渐增加到2005～2006年的38．94％，最高为2000~2004年占39．45％，学生比例略有减少，散居儿童和工人的发病构成由1990～1994年的分别占19％、12％，减少为2005～2006年的8％、6％。结论中国由甲肝的高发区向中、低发区过渡，规范的接种HepA是控制甲肝的主要措施。
Objective Studying the epidemic characteristics of hepatitis A during the year 1990~ 2006 in China in order to offer epidemic data of hepatitis A for making up guide of hepatitis A vaccination. Methods To analyze the cases of hepatitis A reported by the Notified Disease Reporting System using descriptive study. Results The number and incidence rate of hepatitis A was declining during 1990~2006. There was no obvious season peak for the incidence rate of hepatitis A,but a little more cases were reported in spring. Most of the cases were happened≤30~group, especially≤15 ~group, the incidence rate of 〈5 is lower, but it grows gradually by year. As years growing,the age of hepatitis A was becoming older,the incidence rate of man is becoming higher and higher than women. The cases of hepatitis A by the year 1990~1994,1995~2000,2001~ 2004,2005 ~2006, are farmers, students, children dispersed, workers. Percentage of farmers is becoming more from 29.51% in 1990~1994 to 38.94% in 2005 ~ 2006 , the highest is 39.45% in 2000~2004,and the percent of students,children dispersed and worker is declined. The incidence rate of children and worker is declined from 19%, 12% in 1990~1994 to 8%,6% in 2005 2006. In all,the most cases of hepatitis A are farmers,students,children dispersed and workers. Conclusions Hepatitis A is transferring from high epidemic district to middle, low district in China,immunization is the most important measure in control of hepatitis A.
出处
《中国计划免疫》
2007年第5期466-469,共4页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
作者简介
随海田（1979-），男，山东省齐河县人，中国协和医科大学公共卫生学院在读硕士研究生。
通讯作者．
