摘要
用甲醇和氯仿等提取黄硬皮马勃Scleroderma citrinum Per.的子实体,获得提取物,并测定其杀虫、抑菌及除草活性,结果表明：黄硬皮马勃子实体提取物对粘虫具较拒食、毒杀和触杀作用,其中以拒食、毒杀活性较好,触杀活性相对较弱.黄硬皮马勃总浸膏（甲醇：氯仿=1：1提取）及其石油醚萃取物在25mg/ml的供试浓度下,对3龄粘虫的48h拒食率分别为96.8%、81.3%.石油醚萃取物饲喂3龄粘虫,LC50为8.4013mg/ml;触杀测定结果表明,25mg/ml的剂量对3龄粘虫48 h内的致死作用均小于54.0%.浓度为1mg/ml时,总浸膏及各萃取段对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制率在60%～70%;正丁醇萃取段对辣椒疫霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长抑制率大于85%.室内除草活性测定结果表明,总浸膏及各萃取段在浓度为12.5mg/ml时对反枝苋种子萌发、幼根和幼茎生长无明显抑制作用.
Substances were extracted by methanol and chloroform （ methanol ： chloroform = 1 ： 1 ） from the fungus of Scleroderma citrinum Per. The bioactivities of the extracts against pests （ Mythimna separata, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Amaranthus retroflexus ） were tested. The extract showed high antifeedant and poisonous effect, but poor touch toxicity to 3^rd instars larvae of Mythimna separata. The antifeedant ratios of the total extract and the extract by petroleum to the 3^rd instars larvae 48 hr after feeding were 96.8% and 81.3% respectively. The LC50 of extract by petroleum to the 3^rd instars larvae was 8. 4013mg/ml 24hr after feeding. The mortality of the 3^rd instars larvae 48hr after touching extract by petroleum in concentration of 25. 0 mg/ml was 54%. The inhibit rates of the total extract against the growth of Fusarium graminearum ranged from 60% to 70%. At a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the inhibit rates of extract by butanol against the growth of Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were both higher than 85%. The total extract and extracts by three solvent did not show any bioactivity against seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml.
出处
《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
2007年第1期5-8,共4页
Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.30370019)
中国博士后科学研究基金(No.2003034417)
国家"十五"攻关(No.2002BA516A04)资助项目
莱阳农学院高层次人才基金(630610)资助项目
关键词
黄硬皮马勃
杀虫活性
抑菌活性
除草活性
Scleroderma citrinum
pesticide Activity
fungicide activity
herbicide activity
作者简介
魏艳（1972-）,女,陕西三原人,硕士,工程师,主要从事农药化学及天然产物化学研究.
