摘要
作为两宋理学的集大成,朱子哲学在中国文化史上可谓“致广大,尽精微”。自其形成以来,历代的批评不绝如缕、代有其人,从陆象山的“见道不明”到王阳明“伯者的学问”再到牟宗三的“别子为宗”、“只存有不活动”等等,清晰地表现了一条从批评、纠偏到抗衡的轨迹。正是这些批评,昭示了理学的另一进路。朱子由于始终坚持以普遍诠释超越、落实超越的进路,因而不仅将道德理性存在化,而且也将人性“生理”化了,这既决定了他对佛禅的忌讳,对理学“向上一路”的回避,同时也制约着他的宇宙论体系及其走向。所以,以普遍意识置换超越精神,既是朱子哲学所存在的问题,同时也是其以后屡屡遭到批评与纠偏的主要原因。
As the cumulation of the rationalistic Confucianism in the North and the South Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi＇s philosophy was regarded as ＂the most extensive and the most profound＂ in the history of Chinese civilization. However, ever since its establishment, Zhu＇s philosophy has been exposed to criticisms in different ways and from philosophers of different historical periods. Lu Xiangshan condemned it as ＂being obscure in discussing the TAD＂; Wang Yangrning despised it as ＂the learning of the old＂; Mu Zongsan criticized it of ＂ mistaking the micro for the macro＂ and ＂discussing existence with animation＂. All this shows a course from criticization through adjustment to contention. Since Zhu always maintained his approach of interpreting and realizing transcendence by generality, he not only regarded morality and rationale as existence but also made human nature ＂ physiological＂. This determined his resentment of Buddhism and avoidance of ＂ any advancement＂ of his rationalistic Confucianism. Meanwhile it limited his view of the universe and its orientation. As a result, an equivalence of common sense to the spirit of transcendence remains the weakness of Zhu＇s philosophy and the major reason for repeated and continuous criticisms of it.
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第4期30-39,共10页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
两宋理学
诠释
朱子哲学
rationalistic Confucianism in the North and the South Song Dynasty
interpretation
Zhu Xi＇ s philosophy
作者简介
丁为祥（1957-），男，陕西西安市人，陕西师范大学政治经济学院教授，博士生导师，哲学博士。
