摘要
以神东矿区为例,采用野外调查、资料统计、实验分析等方法,研究煤田开发以来矿区生态环境的动态变化。结论为:①资源高度集中和生态环境脆弱的剪刀差错位,是导致资源开发中生态严重退化的主要原因;②资源开发阶段与生态系统演化的对应关系为:基建期-生态环境破坏期;过渡期-生态环境退化期;达产期-生态环境治理期;稳产期-生态环境恢复期;③资源开发和生态演化的时间差问题,是脆弱生态环境生态系统功能自我恢复缓慢、甚至很难的根本原因,需辅以人为保育和恢复措施;(4)在未来资源开发过程中,我们应将资源开发与生态环境演化对应关系优化为:基建期-生态环境保护期;过渡期-生态环境保育期;达产期-生态环境建设期;稳产期-生态环境优化期。
Shenfu-dongsheng coal field was taken for example to research on the processes ecological environment since coalfield exploitation which started in 1986, from the aspects of field investigation, information statistics and experimental analysis. Some conclusions were gained. （1） It is main reason of causing ecological environment deteriorating and ecosystem degenerating, that fragile ecological environment crosses resources concentrating exploitation. （2） The corresponding relationships of exploitation stages and ecosystem＇s evolvement can be summed up as following： capital construction phase-destroying phase of ecological environment, transitional phase-degradation phase of ecological environment, producing phase-father phase of ecological environment and steady producing phase-rehabilitation phase of ecological environment. （3） Under the different background of nature environment, the self-rehabilitation of ecosystem is different. The ecological background of northwest in China was so fragile that the self-rehabilitation of ecosystem function lost, as a result, it needs scores of years to hundreds of years to renew. That shows that ecological rehabilitation in the processes of resources exploitation must adopt man-made assistant ecosystem protection and rehabilitation measures that were based on the ecological environment background. （4） In the process of northwest exploitation in the future, these corresponding relationships should be optimized as following： capital construction phase-protection phase of ecological environment, transitional phase-breeding of ecological environment, producing phase-construction phase of ecological environment, and steady producing phase-optimizing phase of ecological environment.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期384-386,共3页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40271071)
关键词
脆弱生态环境
资源开发阶段
生态系统演化
fragile ecological environment
phase of resources exploitation
ecosystem evolvement
作者简介
张丽萍（1960-），女，教授（博导），博士（博士后出站），主要从事土壤侵蚀和水土保持、生态环境和地貌与第四纪方面的教学与科研。
