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微生态制剂的临床应用及开发近况 被引量:11

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摘要 微生态制剂包括益生菌(probiotics)、益生元(prebiotics)和合生元(synbiotics)。益生菌是指由生理性活菌或/和死菌组成的微生态制剂。它能调节肠道的微生态平衡,对维持宿主的健康具有较为明显的作用。目前临床应用的益生菌包括产酸的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、链球菌和肠球菌等;不产酸的腊样芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草杆菌。此外,带芽孢的酪酸菌也属于益生菌。益生元是指能选择性刺激1种或几种生理性细菌在宿主黏膜定植和繁殖的物质,它包括低聚糖类、生物促进剂和中药促进剂。合生元是指由益生菌和益生元组成的混合物。它既能补充生理性的有益菌,又能选择性地刺激有益菌的繁殖,使益生作用更持久。迄今,国外已有200余种微生态制剂应用于临床,国内亦开发出10余种。由于目前使用的微生态制剂口服后易被胃酸及胆汁酸灭活,到达肠道的活菌数量较少,因而疗效减弱。为提高微生态制剂的临床疗效,现已涌现出微囊化的微生态制剂以及基因工程菌。
出处 《中国医师进修杂志(内科版)》 2007年第5期8-10,16,共4页 Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine
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