摘要
肝纤维化是指在各种慢性肝病时,肝细胞发生持续、反复的坏死或炎症刺激,导致机体发生修复反应,结果是大量纤维增生同时伴有纤维降解相对或绝对不足,细胞外基质在肝内大量沉积。肝纤维化的及时早期诊断和治疗,对于肝病诊治有重要价值。一个合理完整的肝纤维化的诊断模式应包括临床、病理组织学、影像学、血清生化标志物的综合诊断。长期以来肝活检一直是诊断肝纤维化的“金标准”,也是其他无创性肝纤维化诊断试验的参考标准,但肝活检有创伤性,在临床实践中不仅一次肝穿较难获得,二次肝穿更难实现。无创性诊断中,肝纤维化并无特殊的临床症状和体征,单项的血清生化指标检测诊断的敏感性和特异性还很差,影像学检查缺乏特异性,血清生化标志物数学诊断模式FibroTest虽有较好的诊断准确性,但其计算颇为复杂而难以普及推广。迄今尚无充足的证据证明可取代肝穿的“金标准”,因此如何均衡各种指标的利弊。筛选最佳组合,简化计算步骤,降低费用,减少肝穿,寻找新的更特异敏感的标志物,仍是我们今后所要努力的。
Liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease refers to the body＇s repair response to sustained repeated necrosis or inflammation of liver cells, which results in fibrosis accompanied by relative or absolute lack of fiber degradation and deposition of extracellular matrix in the liver. Early and timely diagnosis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis are of great importance to patients with liver disease. A rational and complete diagnostic model of liver fibrosis should involve clinical pathology and histology, imaging, and serum biochemical markers. Liver biopsy has been regarded as the ＂gold standard＂ for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and as a reference standard for other non-invasive diagnostic tests of liver fibrosis. Since it is invasive, liver biopsy is difficult to implement in clinical practice and a second liver biopsy is even more difficult. As for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, clinical symptoms and signs are not specific. The sensitivity and specificity of individual serum biochemical markers are still very weak, and imaging studies also lack specificity. The mathematical model ＂FibroTest＂ of serum biochemical markers has better diagnostic accuracy, but the calculation is complicated, making it difficult to achieve widespread use. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that the ＂gold standard＂ of liver biopsy can be replaced. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate how best to balance the benefits and harms of different tests, to identify the best combination, to simplify any calculation steps, to reduce costs, to avoid liver biopsy, and to find new, more specific and sensitive markers.
出处
《中国循证医学杂志》
CSCD
2007年第4期316-320,共5页
Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
关键词
肝纤维化
诊断
慢性肝病
Hepatic fibrosis
Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease
作者简介
张雅，女（1970年～），硕士研究生，以医学统计学为主要研究方向：Email：ersi2004120@126.com
通讯作者Email：ceuliugj@mail．sccninfo.net
