摘要
1899年,梁启超在《清议报》上连载“自由书”,论证为何要将学校、报纸、演说作为“传播文明三利器”。但“报纸”、“演说”多即兴之作,对时下有启蒙之功,却非知识增长的最佳途径。费时费力较多、讲究通力合作的辞书出版以及教科书编撰,如强劲的后卫,支撑着整个社会的学术积累与知识创新。在满清王朝寿终正寝的前夕,上海国学扶轮社出版了东吴大学教授黄人编著的《普通百科新大辞典》和《中国文学史》。刚刚崛起的社会组织(现代大学和出版社)与新型出版物(辞书和教科书),二者的合作,让我们得以一窥晚清西学东渐的蹒跚步伐。考虑到黄人在东吴大学教的是“国文”与“国学”,本文将以其编纂活动为中心,讨论现代中国的“文学”概念,是如何在晚清辞书的视野中得以浮现的。作为现代中国第一代从事文学教育的“专门家”,黄人的才情学识固然引人注目,但更值得后人欣赏的是其建立在现代学科分类基础上的“百科视野”。面对西学东渐大潮,有此视野者并不罕见,但能成功地将其落实在辞书以及教科书的编纂活动中,可就不多了。本文试图将黄人的文学批评、辞书编纂以及教科书撰写三者互相参照,解读社会转型期新的知识系统的建构。
The accumulation of the intellectual innovations in a whole society owes a great deal to the Encyclopedia and the Textbook. On the eve of the collapse of the Qing dynasty, Huang Ren and Zhongguo wenxue shi （The History of Chinese Literature）at the Guoxue fulun she 国学扶轮社 （Rotary Club for National Leaming） in Shanghai. Considering that Huang was teaching ＂Guowen＂ （national literature） and ＂Guoxue＂ （national learning） at Dongwu University, this paper intends to explore how the concept of ＂literature＂ in modem China emerged in the context of late Qing encyclopedias by focusing on Huang＇ s efforts as a compiler. As one of the first generation of professional literature educators in modem China, Huang＇ s encyclopedic perspective based on the modem classification of disciplines is more considerable than his well-known poetic skills. Facing the trend of integrating western leaming into the east, such a perspective was not rare among the intellectuals of late Qing China; however, there were few who could successfully carry it out through encyclopedias or textbooks. This paper tries to put together Huang＇s three scholarly actions, that is, the literary critic, the writing of textbook and the compilation of encyclopedic dictionary, thereby illustrate the construction of modem intellectual system in a transitional society.
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第2期59-74,共16页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
文学
黄人
辞书
《普通百科新大辞典》
literature
Huang Ren
the Encyclopedic Dictionary, A New General-Encyclopedic Dictionary
作者简介
陈平原，男，广东潮州人，北京大学中文系教授，教育部“长江学者”特聘教授，文学博士。
