摘要
泾河流域生态环境脆弱,水土流失严重,同时水资源短缺这些都已成为其发展的障碍,因此有必要弄清流域目前水资源需求状况和存在的问题。水资源需求部门主要是农业需水、工业需水、城镇居民生活需水、农村居民生活需水、河流生态环境需水、林地需水和草地需水,分别属于生产需水、生活需水和生态环境需水。为表征不同部门需水的时空特征,计算了该区域2000年各县各类需水部门的需水量,并从水资源需求部门差异、空间差异和时间匹配三个方面进行分析。结果表明:①各县总需水量变化在1.57×108m3~14×108m3之间,流域单位面积需水量变化在145.11mm^728.98mm之间,基本趋势是由东南向西北逐渐减少;②流域以生产需水和生态需水为主,生产需水以农作物需水为主,在2/3县区易出现生产与生态环境争水现象;③农作物和林地,尤其是农作物亏缺水量大,目前的灌溉水平很难改变亏缺局面,势必影响二者经济效益和生态效益的发挥;④农业结构性用水短缺格局相对突出。单位面积农作物需水量,最高值在泾阳县,为5 682 m3/hm2;最低值在定边县,为4 022 m3/hm2,由于事先设定大多数需水定额不随县(区)的改变而改变,因此该值与作物结构密切相关。本文根据上述研究结果,对该区域水资源的合理利用提出建议,要求重点加强植被结构与农作物结构的调整。
This paper analyzes water requirement structure in 2000 in Jinghe watershed where frangible eco-environment, serious soil and water loss, and water resource shortage have become a serious resistance for local economy, society and eco-environment development. We calculate the gross agricultural and industrial water requirement, town domestic water requirement and country and in stream, forest, grass water requirement, which belonging to production, ecological and domestic water requirement respectively. Basing on that, we summarize the rule including spatial and temporal variability. Results show： first, the total water requirements of counties in Jinghe watershed varies from 1.57 ×10^8 m^3 to 14 × 10^8m^3. Water requirement per area varies from 145.1 l mm to 728.98mm and decrease from southeast to northwest. Second, production water requirement and ecological water requirement are both much larger than that of domestic water requirement. Hereinto, crops water requirement is much larger than that of other kinds of industrial water requirement. In about 2/3 counties, there is contradiction between production water requirement and ecological water requirement. Third, The area of crops and forest under water shortage, especially the former, are so large that their economic and ecological benefit will be largely influenced. Because most crops cannot be irrigated, the water shortage condition cannot be changed now. Forth, structural agricultural water shortage is prominent. For example, the water requirements per hectare of the counties are variable which distribute from 5 682 m^3/hm^2 , to 4 022 m^3/ hm^2 . simultaneity, this calculation is under the hypothesis that water requirement quotas of most crops in one county is equal to that in another county, the difference of water requirements per hectare result from the difference of crop structures of 31 counties. At the end of this paper, we put forth two strategies for reasonable utilization of water, such as adjusting the percentage of crop, forest and grass and that of corps structure.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期164-171,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家"973"项目(编号:2002CB111506)
关键词
水资源
需求结构
调控策略
泾河流域
Water resource
Water requirement structure
Regulation strategy
Jinghe watershed
作者简介
闵庆文，男，江苏人，博士，研究员，主要从事资源生态与区域发展研究。E-mail：minqw@igsnrr．ac．cn
