摘要
在中国植被分区上,山西恒山是温带草原地带与暖温带落叶阔叶林地带的交错区。采用TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序相结合的方法,对恒山南北坡植被类型进行了比较研究。TWINSPAN分类结果将南北坡的植被分别划分为16个群丛和20个群丛,分别隶属于16个和20个群系。DCA排序较好的印证了其分类结果:DCA排序第一轴反映海拔、温度的变化,南坡植被随海拔的升高,从耐旱的山蒿灌丛向寒温性的针叶林过渡,北坡由旱生的长芒草草原也向寒温性的针叶林过渡;第二轴反映湿度的变化,排序轴从上到下,南坡由低海拔的山蒿群丛向高海拔的华北落叶松群丛,北坡是由长芒草、碱茅群丛向青杨群丛过渡。DCA排序结果显示,南北坡基带植被的群丛组成迥然不同,南坡基带为山蒿群丛、三裂叶绣线菊-山蒿+赖草群丛、虎榛子-披针叶苔草群丛,是落叶阔叶林破坏后形成的次生植被类型;北坡基带为长芒草群丛、碱茅+千里光群丛、三裂叶绣线菊-硬质早熟禾群丛、山菊+硬质早熟禾群丛,具有典型的草原植被特征,这与它们所处的植被带有较高的吻合度。南北坡随海拔升高,植被类型表现出明显的趋同性。对南北坡群系的比较结果表明:有4个群系为南北坡共有,但群丛数量存在较大的差异,三裂叶绣线菊群系、山蒿群系在南坡的群丛数要比北坡多,披针叶苔草群系在北坡的群丛数要比南坡多,华北落叶松群系分布大致相同。
Hengshan Mts, Shanxi, is located in the ecotone between temperate grassland zone and warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone according to the result of China vegetation regionalization. The differences between vegetation types on the south and north slopes of Hengshan Mountains were studied comparatively by using both TWINSPAN and DCA based on the vegetation data set from the field. The result produced by TWINSPAN indicated that the vegetation was divided into 16 and 20 associations, among which Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Dendranthema chanetii, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Hippophae rhamnoides subsp, sinensis-Sanguisorba officinalis, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Equisetum ramosissmum, Ass. Roegneria kamoji ＋ Sanguisorba alpine, Ass. Larix principis-rupreehtii-Potentilla anserine, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Calamagrostis pseudophragmite, Ass. Artemisia brachyloba ＋ Dendranthema ehanetii, Ass. Leymus seealinus ＋ Artemisia brachyloba, Ass. Ostryopsis davidiana-Carex lanceolata, Ass. Spiraea trilobata-Artemisia brachyloba ＋ Leymus secalinus, Ass. Spiraea trilobata-Artemisia brachyloba-Dendranthema chanetii ＋ Dendranthema chanetii, Ass. Artemisia brachyloba ＋ Oxyktropis caerulea, Ass. Carex lanceolata, Ass. Artemisia brachyloba ＋ Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Ass. Artemisia brachyloba, and Ass. Artemisia giraldiir ＋ Artemisia brachyloba on the south slope and belonged to 6 formations, moreover, Ass. Stipa bungeana, Ass. PuccineUia distans ＋ Senecioneae sp. , Ass. Poa sphondylodes ＋ Carex lanceolata, Ass. Senecioneae sp. ＋ Siline jenisseensis, Ass. Sanguisorba alpina ＋ Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Ass. Siline jenisseensis-Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Ass. Denfranthema zawwadskii ＋ Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Ass. Denfranthema zawwadskii ＋ Poa sphondylodes, Ass. Populus cathayana, Ass. Carex lanceolata ＋ Anaphalis hancockii, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Poa sphondylodes, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Carex lanceolata, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Polygonum viviparum, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Equisetum ramosissmum, Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii-Hippophae rhamnoides subsp, sinensis-Roegneria kamoji, Ass. Carex lanceolata ＋ Poa sphondylodes ＋ Sanguisorba alpine, Ass. Sanguisorba alpina ＋ Galium verum, Ass. Artemisia brachyloba ＋ Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Ass. Spiraea trilobata-Poa sphondylodes, and Ass. Hippophae rhamnoides subsp, sinensis-Viicia amoena on the north slope belonging to 11 formations.
The result produced by DCA showed that vegetation of the south slope varies from Artemisia brachyloba scrub arid-tolerance to cold-temperature coniferous forest and that of the north slope varies e. g, Stipa bungeana steppe to cold-temperature coniferous forest along first axis standing for elevation and temperature. Down the second axis standing for moisture, south slope varies from Ass. Artemisia brachyloba at low elevation to Ass. Larix principis-ruprechtii at high elevation, while the north slope varies from Ass. Stipa bungeana and Ass. PuccineUia distans to Ass. Populus cathayana. The result from the ordination suggested some substantial differences concerning vegetation types of both slopes, namely, Ass. Spiraea trilobata, Ass. Spiraea trilobata- Artemisia brachyloba ＋ Leymus secalinus, and Ass. Ostryopsis davidiana-Carex lanceolata were the secondary vegetations after deciduous broad-leaved forest was destroyed in the south slope, while Ass. Stipa bungeana, Ass. PuccineUia distans ＋ Senecioneae sp., Ass. Spiraea trilobata-Poa sphondylodes, and Ass. Denfranthema zawwadskii ＋ Poa sphondylodes in the north slope had characteristics typical of steppe vegetation. With the rising of elevation, the vegetation types showed some homogeneity.
Compared between vegetation types including Form. Larix prineipis-ruprechtii, Form. Artemisia brachyloba, Form. Spiraea trilobata, Form. Ostryopsis davidiana, Form. Hippophae rhamnoides subsp, sinensis, Form. Carex lanceolata, Form. Stipa bungeana, Form. Senecioneae sp., Form. Poa sphondylodes, Form. Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Form. Populus cathayana, Form. Sanguisorba alpine, and Form. Hippophae rhamnoides subsp, sinettsis in the south and north slopes, it showed that they shared Form. Larix prineipis-ruprechtii, Form. Artemisia brachyloba, Form. Spiraea trilobata, and Form. Carex laneeolata in both the slopes. However, some obvious difference existed in association numbers. The association number of Form. Spiraea trilobata and Form. Artemisia braehyloba on the south slope were more than those on the north slope, and the association number within Form. Carex laneeolata was more on the north slope than on the south, while the association number of Form. Larix principis- rupreehtii was close on both the slopes. All above differences were closely related to different vegetation zones with different collocations of ecological factors on different slopes such as water and temperature.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第10期3372-3379,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
山西省自然科学基金资助项目(981023)~~
关键词
恒山南北坡植被
群丛
群系
TWINSPAN
DCA
vegetation
north and south slopes
Hengshan Mountains
association
formation
TWINSPAN
DCA
作者简介
马晓勇（1976～）,男,山西文水人,博士生,主要从事植物生态学研究.E-mail： mxy@sxu.edu.cn
上官铁梁,通讯作者：E-mail：tlsg@sxu.edu.cn
