摘要
自伊朗霍梅尼革命以来,叙利亚就与伊朗在政治、军事和安全领域保持着准联盟关系。27年来,叙伊准联盟关系经历了产生、发展和成熟三个阶段,其构建的基础主要是共同的安全利益,分别为:对抗伊拉克萨达姆政权、制衡土以军事联盟和抗衡美以特殊关系。伊战后,美国推行“大中东计划”,指责叙伊准联盟关系是美国民主改造中东国家的绊脚石。面临美国的打压,叙伊针锋相对,进一步密切了关系。2006年7月爆发的黎以冲突是叙伊同美以两大对抗派别矛盾激化的结果。为分化和瓦解叙伊准联盟,美国采取拉拢叙利亚、遏制伊朗的“区别对待”战略。未来叙伊两国正式结盟对抗美国的可能性不大,但只要两国面临共同的安全威胁,其准联盟关系就会存在下去。叙伊准联盟关系在一定程度上遏止了美以在中东推行的霸权主义,客观上也为其他大国中东外交提供了更多的回旋余地。
Ever since the Khomeini Revolution in Iran, Syria and Iran has maintained a quasi-alliance in political, military and security field. Divided into three phrases of beginning, development and muturity, such a quasi-alliance is mainly based on common security interest of the two sides, namely, the confrontation with Sadam＇s Iraq regime, the balance against Turkey-Israel military alliance as well as the US-Israel pact respectively. After the Iraq war in 2003, Bush administration carried out ＂the Greater Middle East Initiative＂, and found Syria-Iran quasi-alliance had become a barrier to the political reform of the Middle East countries. Since then, the two countries, pressed by America, have taken some counter-measures, and the Lebanon-Israel conflict in July 2006 is the result of contradiction and confrontation between Syria-Iran quasi-alliance and US-Israel quasi-alliance. In order to wedge Syria-Iran special relation, US tries to persuade Syria to break down special relation with Iran, while exerts greater pressure on Iran. In the future, it＇s not likely for the two sides to join a formal alliance against US. Nevertheless, so long as the two sides are confronted with common security threat, the special relation will last long. To some degree, Syria-Iran quasi-alliance has restrained US and Israeli pursuit of hegemony in the Middle East, and it has objectively provided a better external envrionment for other major powers＇ Middle East diplomacy.
出处
《阿拉伯世界研究》
2006年第6期27-33,共7页
Arab World Studies
基金
上海外国语大学2006年重大课题"当代外交类型研究"之子课题"准联盟外交"的前期成果。
作者简介
孙德刚，博士，上海外国语大学中东研究所助理研究员（上海200083）。
