摘要
２８个土壤样品的养分测定和吸附试验以及８个田间肥效试验表明，闽东南旱地土壤的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｂ是花生的普遍养分限制因子．部分土壤还缺乏Ｚｎ和Ｍｇ等养分．赤砂土的肥料三要素最佳用量分别为Ｎ５４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５５５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ８７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；红壤性水稻土为Ｎ５２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５６３ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ９２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；海砂土为Ｎ９４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５４２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ８５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２．１０个对比试验表明，花生平衡施肥比群众常规施肥平均增产４７１ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，增产率为１４．９％，每ｈｍ２净增收２０５３元．
The chemical analysis of 28 soil samples and the experiments on nutrients absorption as well as the determination of fertilizer effectiveness through 8 field trials showed that N. P. K and B were the common limited factors for the growth of peanut on upland soil in Fujian coastal area and some soil types were also deficient in other nutrients, such as Zn and Mg. The optimum application rates of the three essential nutrients for red sandy soil were N 54 kg/hm2, P2O5 55 kg/hm2 and K2O 87 kg/hm2; while N 52 kg/hm2, P2O5 63 kg/hm2 and K2O 92 kg/hm2 were the optimum amount for paddy soil derived from red soil and N 97 kg/hm2, P2O5 42 kg/hm2 and K2O 85 kg/hm2 for salt sandy soil. 10 trials for simple comparison showed that balanced fertilization for peanut could increase the yield by 471 kg/hm2 or by 14.9%, and the net income by 2053 yuan/hm2, ompared with the traditional fertilization.
关键词
花生
旱地
土壤
施肥
peanut, upland soil, balanced fertilization
