摘要
为了了解农村，尤其是贫困地区农村居民的基本医疗需求满足问题，于１９９３年～１９９５年对广西东兰县、贵州施秉县、陕西旬邑县进行了调查，结合卫生部对全国卫生服务抽样调查，其结论是各地农民基本医疗需求水平接近，但有１／３的农民得不到基本医疗服务。其原因不是农村卫生资源短缺，而是医药费过高，农民收入低，３个贫困县的农民患病因经济困难不能住院达７９％，预防保健削弱，孕产妇保健低于农村平均水平，婴儿死亡率东兰县为９４％。为解决农民基本医疗，首先要控制医药费上升，加强预防保健，尤其要实施以社区为基础的农村合作医疗保健制度。具体方法：政府支持，多方筹资；建立社区保健基金；合理分配，有效使用；调整农村卫生机构；
Tostudytheproblemonhowtosatisfythebasicmedicalneedsoftheruralpopulation,especialyinpoorareas,aninvestigationwascarriedoutduringtheyears1993～1995inDonglanofGuangxi,ShibingofGuizhou,XunyiofShanxiincombinationwiththespotcheckonnationalhealthserviceconductedbytheMinistryofPublicHealth.Aconclusioncanbedrawnthatthebasicmedicalneedsoftheruralinhabitantsindiferentlocalitiesaresimilar,butathirdofthemarebeyondthereachofanymedicalservice.Thetroubledoesnotlieintheshortageofruralhealthresources,thehighmedi-calcostisthecause.Theincomeofthepeasantsislow.Seventy-ninepercentoftheruralpatientsinthethreeabove-mentionedpoorcountiescannotafordhospitaltreatmentbecausetheyhavenomoney.Thepreventivehealthserviceisweakened.Thehealth-keepingforpregnantandlying-inwomenisbe-lowtheaverageruralstandard.InfantilemortalityinDonglanisninety-fourpercent.Tosolvetheprob-lemofthebasicmedicalneedsofthepeasants,therocketingofmedicalcostmustfirstbeputundercon-trolandthepreventivehealthservicestrengthenedwiththeruralcooperativemedicalandhealthpro-gramplacedinhighagenda.Theconcretestepstobetakenare:thegovernmentmustfindeverypossi-blewaytoraisemoneyforfinancialsupport;communityhealthfundsmustbeestablishedtoberational-lydistributedandefectivelyused;theruralhealthunitsmustbereadjusted;andtheadministrationanduseofdrugscontroled.
出处
《中华医院管理杂志》
北大核心
1996年第11期644-646,共3页
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration
关键词
农村
贫困农村
医疗需求
合作医疗
Countryside,PoorNeeds,MedicalCooperativeMedicine
