摘要
简单介绍近年来盐构造学中发展起来的新概念和新术语，并初步总结它们与油气圈闭及其它矿产的关系。根据盐体与其上覆沉积层的接触关系，盐构造可分为整合型（非剌穿型）和非整合型（刺穿型）二大类。它们可由以下几种机制触发形成：（１）上浮作用；（２）差异负载作用；（３）热对流作用；（４）缩短作用；（５）拉伸作用等。盐构造具有油气、矿产和储藏等多种综合利用价值。盐构造运动能形成众多的构造、地层岩性及其复合型油气圈闭，并为油气的垂直短距迁移提供良好途径；盐帽中能富集多种金属与非金属矿床；采盐空穴还能用来储存液化油气以及放射性。
Salt flow has formed spectacular salt structures in many extensional psaaive margins,aulacogens,rift and pull apart basins as well as in compressional orogenic belts around the world,All salt structures comprise similar elemental components:subsalt stratum,salt substratum and overburden.Salt structures can be grouped into concordant (non diapiric)and discordant (diapiric)types according to the contact relationship between salt and its overburden.Examples of concordant structures are aslt pillows and salt anticlines;discordant diapirs include salt rollers,salt wall and salt stocks.Generally,salt structures evolve from low amplitude concordant structures to high amplitude diapiric structures.The most mature salt structures are allochthonous salt sheets that have been displaced from lover levels to high stratigraphic levels. Salt tectonics can be triggered by the following mechanisms individually or by their combinations:(1)buoyancy,(2)differential loading,(3)thermal convection,(4)regional shortening,and (5)regional extension.Both shortening and extension can be thick skinned,thin skinned and gravitational spreading.The most common mechanisms for initiation are exension and differential loading. Deformation of sedimentary over burden records the timing and characters of salt flows.Prekinematic,sysnkinematic and postkinematic layers are sedimentary strata deposited before,during and after salt flow or any other deformation,respectively.Rim synclines,including marginal synclines and peripheral sinks,are depressions around salt structures and are caused by salt withdrawal.Turtle structures are common in salt structure provinces. Salt structures have great economic significance.Infinite numbers of potential structural,stratigraphic and combined hydrocarbon traps can develop around salt structrues.Salt flow not only controls the formation of many structures but it also forms important seals.Various types of mineral deposits have been found in cap rocks.Storage of hazardous waste and liquified fuels provides another important usage of salt structures,which may increase in the future.
出处
《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
1996年第4期640-649,共10页
Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）
关键词
盐构造
沉积构造
油气圈闭
综合利用
salt structures, salt tectonics, sedimentary structures, hydrocarbon traps, structural geology, petroleum geology, economic geology
