摘要
综述了棉花耐盐机理、耐盐性鉴定方法和盐害控制技术的研究进展。棉花耐盐机理与一般植物存在着较大的差异,对盐分胁迫下的植株体内离子分布、细胞膜结构和稳定性以及渗透压调节作用等方面进行了探讨,总结了运用传统育种和现代生物技术改良和提高棉花耐盐性方面取得的进展。此外,提出了从棉花品种、栽培技术、种子引发技术和土壤改良等方面盐碱地植棉的综合技术体系。
The mechanism of Salt tolerance, methods of salt tolerance identification, and the techniques for salt damage controlling were reviewed in this paper. The cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L. ） was placed in the moderately salt-tolerant group of plant species with a salinity threshold level 0.3% at which initial yield of cotton declines and with a 50 % reduction in yield at 0.5 %. However, the growth of cotton plant is severely affected at different stages of the plant life cycle in saline medium, especially at germination and emergence stages. Salt stress adversely affects the biomass production, i. e. , an inhibition in both length and number of secondary roots, a decrease in leaf area, stem thickness, shoot and root weight, the number of bolls and an increase in the percentage of bolls shedding, which ultimately brings about decrease in seed cotton yield. There are various reports regarding the salinity stress on fiber characteristics, which may be due to the differential responses of different genetically based cultivars to salt stress with respective to fiber characteristics. High salinity level adverse affects photosynthesis and reduces N and P uptake in cotton. Research studies indicate decrease in nitrogen of leaf cotton with increasing salinity levels. Salinity increases Na^＋ and Cl^- and decreases K^＋ , Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ in leaves of cotton. Slight increases in K^＋ and modest accumulation of Na^＋ with increase in salinity have also been found in literature. Maintenance of high tissue K/Na and Ca/K ratio is suggested to be an important selection criterion for salt tolerance in cotton. There are some difference in the mechanism of the salt tolerance between cotton and other crops, and many scientists have worked on that field to find out the mechanism of the salt tolerance in the distribution of the differentions in the plant, the structure and stability of the cell membrane during the salty stress, as well as the regulalting effect of the osmotic pressure. Generally salt tolerance in cotton has been associated with partial Na^＋ exclusion and the salt-tolerant cotton cultivars have higher concentrations of K^- , Ca^2- and K/Na ratios in leaves than those of the salt-sensitive lines. In view of some latest studies concerning the role of some antioxidants in salt tolerance of cotton it was suggested that high levels of antioxidants and an active ascorbate-glutathion cycle are associated with salt tolerance in cotton. Additionally the accumulation of osmotic substance, such as glycine betain, proline, soluble carbohydrate etc. and late embry- ogenesis abundant protein are all closely correlated with salt tolerance in cotton. For the cotton breeding, the traditional breeding method combined with the model biotechnology was applied, such as selection, introduction, hybridization, gene engineering and mutation. The progress of salt tolerant cultivars breeding has been achieved to some extent. In addition, the complex techniques for the cotton production in the salinized land such as the cotton cultivar, cultivation techniques, seed treatment with chemical solution or microelement and hormone, soil improvement with rational fertilization and so on were suggested in this paper.
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第4期248-254,共7页
Cotton Science
基金
国家973计划基金(2004CB117305)
国家自然科学基金(30471108)
关键词
棉花
耐盐
机理
鉴定
离子
渗透
细胞膜
cotton
salt tolerance
mechanism
identification
ion
osmosis
cell membrane
作者简介
蒋玉蓉（1974-），女，博士；
通讯作者，E—mail：shjzhu@zju．edu．cn
