摘要
人居环境的选择和营造是中国传统文化的重要内容,在长期实践中形成了较为系统的准则,充分体现了天人合一、师法自然、崇尚和谐、趋吉避凶和唯变所适的中国传统人居环境观。人居环境观一直指导着人们选择与营造人之居处与环境的关系,主要体现在两个方面,其一,追求理想的人居环境;其二,改造完善非理想的人居环境。理想的人居环境可概括为“枕山、环水、面屏”的模式,古徽州许多村落选址符合这一要求,“枕山、环水、面屏”也因此成为古徽州村落人居环境的基本格局和模式。但也有不少村落的人居环境并非完全符合理想模式,对于非理想的村落环境,古时徽州人在遵从自然的同时,进行积极改造使之趋于理想。非理想人居环境改善与营造有许多方法,修建水利设施,改造自然水系是最常见的措施,最负盛名的范例当属世界文化遗产—黟县宏村。植树造林是改善非理想人居环境的又一重要措施。水口是徽州古村落的重要组成部分,是村落的门户,也是村落人居环境营造的重点所在,常形成自然和谐、文化寓意深刻的水口环境。
Human settlement＇s selection and construction form an important part of traditional culture in China. They have formed a systematic standard over a long period of practice. They fully reflect the Chinese traditional views about human settlement which mainly consists of the unity of human and nature,o learning from nature, advocating the harmony, pursuing good fortune , avoiding disaster and being adaptable. The view about human settlement has been guiding the relationships between the selection and construction of human dwelling and its environment. The relationships can be reflected as follows： firstly, people pursue the ideal human settlement; secondly people perfect nonideal human settlement. ＂With the back towards the mountain, with the river among the village and with wide field in front＂ is the basic structure and mode of the ideal human settlement. But some villages can＇t meet the requirements of the ideal mode of human settlement. To perfect the nonideal human settlement, the ancient people of Huizhou followed the nature and made it more ideal by reconstructing it active- ly.There are many methods thai can improve and construct the nonideal human settlement.Constructing water conservancy facilities and reforming the natural water system are the most familiar measures.Hongeun village in Yi County, the worht cultural heritage, is very famous for its human settlement which uses the above mentioned ways. The afforestation is also one of the important measures to improve the nonideal human settlement. Being the gate of the ancient villages, the water gap is an important part of the ancient villages in Huizhou and also significant in constructing villages＇ human settlement.The waterlocked environment that is natural,harmonious and has profound cultural essence is gradually formed.
出处
《黄山学院学报》
2005年第5期5-8,共4页
Journal of Huangshan University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40471035)
安徽省教育厅自然科学研究项目(2002kj122)。
关键词
徽州古村落
人居环境
选择
营造
ancient villages in Huizhou
human settlement
selection
construction
作者简介
陆林（1962-），安徽芜湖人，安徽师范大学旅游学院院长、教授，博士生导师，博士，研究方向为旅游地理和旅游管理。
