摘要
目的:对中老年人的生活习惯及健康状况进行调查,以了解二者之间的关系。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,于2004-03/08对北京市城区的5个普通社区的40500名中老年人进行调查。评定工具为一般项目调查表、生活习惯调查表、健康状况调查表,分别调查中老年人的一般情况、日常生活状态及患病情况。所有调查表均由作者自行设计,由经过专门培训的医师进入社区对社区居民进行调查,主要观察中老年人的活习惯及患病情况。全部资料用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析,率的比较用卡方检验,构成比用拟合优度检验,等级资料的相关性用Spearman相关分析,检验水平为α=0.05。结果:发放问卷40500份,剔除回答不完整问卷1932份,收回完整有效问卷38568份,回收率95.23%。①中老年人饮食习惯、就餐时间及餐后行为的比较:中老年人的主食内容没有显著性差别,在饮食口味和就餐时间上,老年人的口味较中年人淡(χ2=11.751,P=0.038),就餐时间也长于中年人(χ2=187.659,P=0.000)。在就餐后行为上,老年人好于中年人(χ2=93.128-129.335,P=0.000),但老年发生腹胀的比率较高(χ2=4.098,P=0.043)。②中老年人睡眠时间、不良习惯及预防保健情况的比较:睡眠时间在6h以上的中年人多于老年人,老年人的睡眠时间明显短于中年人(χ2=2181.125,P=0.000)。吸烟的比率老年人高于中年人(χ2=66.802,P=0.000),而在饮酒、高热量饮食及晚睡等习惯的比率中年人高于老年人(χ2=382.506-1759.341,P=0.000)。中老年人主要的保健方式有文体活动,注意饮食,服用药品等,老年人进行预防保健的比率显著高于中年人(χ2=1568.820-7004.792,P=0.000)。③中老年人的患病情况:高血压、高血脂、糖尿病等疾病是中老年人的高发病,除肿瘤、肝炎和哮喘外,其他疾病老年人的发病率显著高于中年人(χ2=5.401-1404.46,P=0.000-0.020)。大多数疾病的发病率在中老年人中具有显著性的差别,且发病率都呈年龄增加而增加。在患病原因上,老年人以生理机能减退为主,中年人主要原因是生活习惯不当、劳累等。老年人的患病年限较中年人长(χ2=1061.412,P=0.000)。结论:老年人的生活习惯好于中年人,且较中年人更加注重预防保健。高血压、高血脂,糖尿病是中老年人的高发病,大多数疾病的发病率总体呈增龄性增加,养成良好的生活习惯对中老年人保持健康尤为重要,对待疾病更要以预防为主,尤其中年人要加强身体保健。
AIM： To investigate the living habits and health status of the middle-aged and the aged people to understand the relation between the two groups. METHODS： Two-stage sampling statistical method was used in the investigation. 40 500 middle-aged and the aged people were selected from 5 communities in Beijing from March to August in 2004. Evaluation tool included general data inventory, living habit invontory and health status inventory to investigate the general condition, daily life status and ill condition in middle-aged and the aged people. The special doctor who had trained performed all the inventories designed by the authors. The living habit and ill condition m middle-aged and the aged people were observed mainly. All data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software. Rate was compared with Chi-square test. Constituent ratio was conducted with goodness-of-fit test. The correlation of ranked data was performed with Spearman correlation analysis~ Check level was α =0.05. RESULTS： Among 40 500 firing questionnaires, 1 932 uncompleted questionnaires were rejected, so the integrity and valid questionnaires were 38 568, and the response rate was 95.23%. ① Comparison of eating habit, eating time and behavior after eating in middle aged and aged people; There was insignificant difference of the staple food construction in middle aged and aged people. On the diet taste and time, the taste of aged people was lighter than that of middle aged people （χ^2=11.751 ,P = 0.038）, and eating time was longer than middle aged people （χ^2 =187.659 ,P = 0.000）. On the behavior after eating, it was better in the aged people than that in the middle aged people （χ^2 =93.128-129.335,P = 0.000）. However, the abdominal distention rate after meal was higher among aged people （χ^2 =4.098,P = 0.043）. ② Comparison of bed time, bad habit and prevention and health care in middle aged and aged people： Those who had over 6 hours bed time,in middle aged people were more than the aged people. The bed time in aged people was shorter significantly than that in the middle aged people （χ^2=2 181.125, P = 0.000）. The rate of smoking in aged people was higher than that of middle aged （χ^2=66.802,P = 0.000）; the rate of drinking, high calorie diet, and sleeping late were higher in middle-aged than those in the aged people （χ^2=382.506-1 759.341,P = 0.000）. The main way for health care in middle aged and aged people included literature and physical activity, attention on diet and taking drug, etc. The rate of prevention and health care in aged people was significantly higher than that in the middle aged people χ^2=1 568.820-7 000.792 ,P = 0.000）. ③ Prevalence condition in middle aged and aged people： Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, etc. were highly onset among middle-aged and eider people. Except tumor, hepatitis and asthma, the incidence rates of other disease in aged people were higher significantly than those in middle aged people （χ^2=5.401-1 404.46,P = 0.000-0.020）. The incidence rates of most diseases had signifi cant difference between middle-aged and aged people, and the incidence rate was ascending with age. The cause of disease among aged people was mainly physiological functions decreasing. The cause of disease among middle-aged people was unsuitable living habits and exertion, etc. The disease time limit of the aged was longer than that in the middie aged （χ^2=1 061.412,P = 0.000）. CONCLUSION： The living habit of aged people is better than that in the middle-aged people, and the aged people are more attention to precaution and health care. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes are highly onset among middle-aged and aged people. The incidence rates of most disease are ascending with age generally. Satisfactory living habit is important for keeping healthy in middle aged and aged people. Prevention should be paid more attention to prevent diseases. Especially, the middle-aged people should augment consciousness on body health care.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第44期25-28,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
作者简介
张清华,男,1950年生,江苏省泗阳县人,汉族,1976年山西医学院毕业,主任医师,主要从事心血管疾病的研究.658jzx@sohu.com
