摘要
利用阿克苏河两条支流和干流的月径流量以及年最大洪峰流量资料, 分析了阿克苏河的洪水特征. 阿克苏河西支托什干河主汛期在5～8月, 北支库玛拉克河与阿克苏河干流的主汛期在7～8月, 库玛拉克河的洪水对阿克苏河干流洪水作用更大.托什干河洪水以融雪型、融雪叠加暴雨型两种类型为主, 库玛拉克河洪水以融雪(冰)型、融雪(冰)叠加冰湖溃坝型为主, 阿克苏河干流洪水以混合型最多见, 其次是融雪(冰)型. 年最大流量排名前15位的洪水中, 阿克苏河两条支流与干流在1987年以后分别出现了7～9 a, 在此基础上分析归纳了三类形成阿克苏河流域主要洪水的500 hPa环流模型. 阿克苏河流域主汛期形成混合型洪水的500 hPa环流特征为: 新疆高压脊稳定在天山山区中部及以东地区, 5880 gpm等高线北界稳定在天山上空或天山以北, 西部边界在帕米尔高原以东的南疆盆地上空, 中亚地区为副热带低槽活动区, 环流形势相对稳定. 主汛期形成融雪(冰)型洪水的500 hPa环流特征为: 新疆高压脊向北发展且稳定维持3 d以上, 5880 gpm等高线北界稳定在天山以北, 西部边界在帕米尔高原以西. 春季形成融雪型洪水的500 hPa环流特征为: 帕米尔高原及西天山受新疆高压脊控制, 稳定维持3 d以上, 高压脊内5840 gpm等高线北边界维持在40°N以北.
Aksu River has two branch streams; Kumarik River is in east and Toxkan River in west.Flood features of Aksu River are analyzesed using the monthly mean runoff and yearly maximum peak streamflow data of streams and mainstream of Aksu River. Main flooding period occurs in May to August for Toxkan River and in July to August for mainstream of Aksu River, and Kumarik River,and flood of Kumarik River contributed much water to Aksu River. There are three flood patterns in Aksu River basin. Main flood patterns are melting snow flood and melting snow-storm flood in Toxkan River, melting snow （ice） flood and melting snow （ice） superposed a glacial lake outburst flood in Kumarik River, and mixed flood and melting snow （ice） flood in mainstream of Aksu River.Flooding frequency has an increasing trend in Aksu River basin since 1987. 500 hPa circulation pattern of mixed flood in flooding season of Aksu River basin is characteristics of Xinjiang High ridge steady over middle and east parts of Tianshan Mountains,and north boundary of 5 880 gpm height line steady in /over Tianshan and North Xinjiang regions and west boundary extend to south Xinjiang closed to Pamirs Plateau, and subtropical low trough in central Asia. For melting snow （ice） flood in flooding season, 500 hPa circulation pattern is Xinjiang High ridge development to north and keep steady above 3 days; north boundary of 5880gpm height line stay in north of Tianshan mountains, west boundary extend to west of Pamirs Plateau. 500 hPa circulation pattern of melting snow flood of spring season is controlled by Xinjiang High ridge in Pamirs Plateau and west Tianshan Mountains,and the pattern keepboundary of 5 840 gpm height line stay to north of 40°N.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期574-581,共8页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国沙漠气象研究基金项目(sqj2004006)
国家自然科学基金项目(40371026)资助
关键词
月径流量
洪水类型
气候
环流特征
阿克苏河
monthly mean streamflow
flood pattern
circulation pattern
Aksu River
作者简介
毛炜峄（1969-），男，河南淮阳人，高级工程师，1991年毕业于南京气象学院，主要从事中短期天气预报、应用气象等领域的研究。E-mail：mao6991@vip．sina．com。
