摘要
在人类正面临生存环境的严重挑战的今天,中国古代人地关系思想的科学价值与现实意义受到中西方学者的高度重视。中国古代人与自然环境关系思想的突出特色在于,承认自然环境限制作用,强调在此前提下主动地适应自然环境,从以人为本的基点出发去保护自然环境、追求人与自然环境的和谐。这种人与自然环境相协调的人地观是中华民族在长期与开发利用自然环境的生产和生活实践过程中形成的,是中华民族悠久的文化传统的重要组成部分,也是中华文明得以延续的一个重要因素,它对现今社会的发展仍具有现实意义。
More and more overseas and Chinese scholars have rediscovered the scientific and practical values of the ancient Chinese ideas on Man-Land relationship when the life-supporting environment of human beings is facing the enormous challenges now. From the view of modem Geography, the concepts of “heaven” and “earth” in ancient China may be interpreted into “climate” and “land” which equals to the natural environment. The ancient Chinese ideas on Man-Land relationship aim at the harmonious between man and nature. Its main views may be summed up into following three aspects： 1） To accept the restriction of environment to human beings. This was the base for the establishment of the ancient Chinese ideas on Man-Land relationship. The restriction was made from two aspects. One was the essential restriction of the climate （heaven） and land （earth） to the food production, which acted as the base of the Chinese civilization. Another was the vulnerability of natural system to the impacts of human activities. 2） To claim on the active adaptation on the premise of obeying the natural rules. The adaptation in ancient China included acclimation and resistance.As a simple and effective means of adaptation, active acclimation aimed to obtain the maximum benefit from the nature with minimum input based on the understanding to the nature. Instead of conquering the nature, resistance aimed to mitigate the damage from the nature or even to reverse damage to benefit by actively struggling against the negative impacts of the nature, which even emphasized the positive activities of human behags. 3） To protect the natural environment for the sustainable development of human society. This may be regarded as the forerunner of the modem eco-economic ideas. Protection on the farmland and natural balance were in the highest priority in order to ensure sustainable utilization of the natural resources. These ideas formed in the long history of China, compose an important part of the tradition of Chinese cultures. The modern society may benefit from the ideas。
出处
《人文地理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第4期110-113,共4页
Human Geography
基金
中国科学院创新基金(Kzcx3-sw-321)
国家自然科学基金(40271115)项目资助
关键词
人地关系
思想史
中国
man-land relationship
history of ideas
China
作者简介
方修琦（1962-），男，吉林省人，教授，博士，主要从事环境演变及其影响的研究与教学工作
