摘要
目的研究黑刚玉粉尘对职业接触工人的健康危害及铝尘肺的临床特征。方法对某砂粉厂1989至2004年诊断的75例铝尘肺病例进行回顾性分析。结果75例铝尘肺病例中,Ⅰ期27例(占36.00%)、Ⅱ期28例(占37.33%)、Ⅲ期20例(占26.67%)。患者发病工龄最短3年、最长17年,10年以下工龄者有37例。铝尘肺患者胸部X射线表现主要为不规则小阴影t(2275)、s(475)、tu(175)、ts(275),或以不规则影为主的两者混合小阴影sp(575)、sr(175)、tp(975)、tq(575);少部分也可表现为圆形小阴影[p(675)、q(175)、pq(375)、qp(175)],或以圆形小阴影为主的两者混合表现[ps(1175)、qs(375)、qt(175)]。75例患者中,27例X线胸片出现大阴影,其中20例被诊断为Ⅲ期尘肺,他们的胸片可见到融合团块,部位多位于两中上肺区,单侧团块8例(占40.00%),两侧对称出现12例(占60.00%)。CT影像可见,团块由多量不规则小阴影逐渐聚集、融合而成,形态以条形或发辫形居多,具有密度不均、结构松散、边缘不整的特点。患者纵隔、肺门淋巴结普遍增大、钙化,可伴有胸膜增厚。经相关分析,患者肺功能损伤程度与铝尘肺期别无明显相关性(r=0.015,P>0.05)。结论短期、高浓度接触黑刚玉粉尘可引起严重的铝尘肺。铝尘的危害不容忽视。
Objective To investigate the hazards of aluminum dusts to the exposed workers and the clinical features of aluminosis. Method Retrospective investigation on 75 aluminosis patients from a certain factory diagnosed in Shanghai Occupational Diseases Hospital from 1972 to 2004 was carried out. Results There were 27cases of aluminosis Ⅰ （36.0 % ）, 28 cases of aluminosis Ⅱ （37.3 % ） and 20 cases of aluminosis Ⅲ （26.7 % ）among 75 cases. The shortest exposure duration was 3 years,and the longest 17 years, and 37cases of aluminosis occurred after exposure less than 10 years. Chest radiographic examination mainly showed irregular micro-shadows： t（22/75）, s （4/75）, t/u （ 1/75）, t/s（2/75 ）, or predominantly irregular mixed microshadows s/p（ 5/75 ）, s/r（ 1/75 ）, t/p（9/75） ,t/q（5/75） ;some showed round shape micro-shadows： p（6/75） ,q（1/75） ,p/q（3/75） ,q/p（1/75）.27 cases showed large shadows, 20 cases of them were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis m A lot of irregular micro-shadows gathered and developed to form uneven, loose and border-irregular masses. Most massive fibrosis looked like stripe or plait,located mostly in middle and upper lung field. 8 patients suffered from aluminosis with single side of massive fibrosis and 12 with beth sides of massive fibrosis, accounting for 40% and 60% respectively. Mediastinal and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes were enlarged and calcified, accompanied with pleural thickening. Conclusions Short exposure to high concentration of black fused alumina may cause serious aluminosis to the exposers. The hazards of aluminum dusts should not be ignored.
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期286-289,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
黑刚玉
尘肺
临床研究
氧化铝
粉尘
Dust, aluminum oxidee
Pneumoconiosis, aluminum
Retrospective study
