摘要
以3个提型不育系(A)和对应的保持系(B)为母本,5个恢复系(R)为父本配制成二套3×5的NCII设计组合,对这些组合的F_0种子和F_1籽粒发育过程中粒重和粒积的变化进行了研究。试验结果表明,A系种子的最大体积与B系种子无显著差异,但大部分A系种子的粒重明显低于B系种子,说明提型胞质对不育系种子的充实有不良影响。但提质杂种(A/R)和普质杂种(B/R)在充实速率、籽粒最大体积和千粒重等性状上均无显著差异。显然,F_1籽粒的发育过程并未受到提型胞质的影响。D_1、FR_2、FR_3和籽粒最大体积与千粒重呈极显著正相关,杂种小麦恰好是在这四个因素上表现出明显的平均优势,优势强度主要取决于亲本的一般配合力。组合的特殊配合力效应不因中亲值的提高而下降。对改进杂种小麦的灌浆特性、提高粒重优势及其稳定性的可行途径进行了讨论。
Two sets of wheat hybrids with the same nuclei but different cytoplasms (one with T.timopheevi cytoplasm, i.e. A / R, and the other with T. aestivum cytoplasm, i.e. B / R) produced from two 3×5 incomplete diallel crosses of 3 A-lines, 3 corresponding B-lines and 5 R-lines respectively were used to study the characteristics of grain development in F0 and F1. Experimental results showed that there were no significant differences between the maximum volumes (Vmax) of A-lines and B-lines, but the grain weights of the F0 seed of the A-lines were generally lower than those of B-lines. This means that T. timopheevi cytoplasm has unfavourable effects on grain filling of A-lines. However, significant differences were not found in grain filling rate, Vmax and 1000-grain weight between hybrids A / R and B / R, indicating that the grain development of the F1 seed was not influenced by T. timopheevi cytoplasm. D1, FR2,FR3 and Vmax were significantly and positively correlated to grain weight. It was in these factors that hybrid wheats displayed apparent average heterosis (AH). The intensity of heterosis was primarily determined by general combining ability of parents. Special combining ability of combinations did not decrease with the increase of MP value. Methods for improving grain filling characteristics and increasing heterosis and stability of grain weight in hybrid wheats were discussed.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第1期57-63,共7页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
关键词
小麦
杂种优势
灌浆特性
配合力
Wheat
Heterosis
Grain filling characteristics
Combining ability
