摘要
江南地区的圩田大致滥觞于三国之际,迅速发展于两宋,全盛于明清,是我国江南人民在长期治田治水实践中创造的农田开发的一种独特形式。文章以大量历史文献资料为基础,全面考察了江南地区圩田开发的历程与特点,研究了江南圩田兴盛的历史因素和自然条件,并简要分析了圩田的作用。在此基础上,具体探讨了圩田开发对生态环境所造成的影响,认为因过渡围垦破坏了江南地区原有的湖泊河流水文环境,造成“水不得停蓄,旱不得流注”的严重局面,这便给圩田大大增加了防患水灾的压力;历代地方政府在圩田管理方面也是各自为政,各地圩田缺乏相互间的协作,使因破圩而形成的局部水灾年年有之;大量构筑圩田,使湖泊面积大为缩小,影响其调节水量的功能,破坏了本地区的生态条件,致使灾害频频发生。此外,围湖特别是废湖以后,使众多的水生资源也遭到了严重破坏。
The diked paddy-fields (low-lying paddy-fields surrounded with dikes), roughly introduced in the period of Three Powers, rapidly developed during the times of North and South Song Dynasties and reaching their prime in Ming and Qing Dynasties, are a peculiar form of farming fields created by the people of South-East China through their long practice in water control and field management. The essay, based on large amounts of historical documents, comprehensively looks into the course and characteristics of the cultivation of diked paddy-fields in South-East China, researches on the historical and natural factors of their prosperity and briefly analyzes their functions. On such a basis, it concretely discusses the effects of the cultivation on ecological environment and holds the view that the damage of the original hydro geological environment by over-cultivation in South-East China results in the serious situation of “no reservation of water and no irrigation when drought” and thus greatly increases difficulties in flood prevention. Local governments through ages act on their own way without cooperation among diked paddy-fields in different areas and therefore local floods take place every year due to breakdown of the dikes. The great shrinking of lake areas because of too much reclamation affects the function of lakes in adjusting water volume and destroys ecological conditions of the area, leads to frequent disasters. In addition, after reclaiming, especially draining lakes, various aquatic resources are gravely ruined.
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第3期87-94,共8页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"7-19世纪长江下游圩田开发与生态环境变迁"(项目编号:04BZS013)
安徽省高校学术技术带头人科学研究首次资助项目"历史时期长江下游地区圩田开发与水患防治研究"(项目编号:2002HBW10)。
关键词
古代
江南地区
圩田开发
生态环境
水生资源
ancient times
South-East China
cultivation of diked paddy-fields
ecological environment
aquatic resources
